2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43
Tooth granuloma
Tooth granuloma is a limited area of inflamed tissue in the area of the tooth root. It is a seemingly small nodule half a centimeter in size, inside of which pus is contained. This pathology is a dangerous focus of infection, when it manifests itself, one can accurately assume a threat to the progression of inflammatory processes in the root of the tooth. Granuloma can affect any part of the root zone, but is most often located at the apex of the tooth root.
Complications of granulomas include cysts, fistulous passage, flux or inflammation in the periosteum, inflammation of the jaw bone (osteomyelitis), acute diffuse purulent inflammation of the oral cavity (phlegmon), sepsis or blood infection, serious diseases of the kidneys, heart, intestines and other internal organs. The main cause of tooth root granuloma is inflammation of the soft tissues (periodontitis) that hold the tooth in its socket.
The formed granulation tissue, surrounded by a thin capsule, develops very quickly, and as a result a tooth cyst appears, and this is already a larger and very dangerous inflammatory neoplasm that is difficult to treat.
A tooth root granuloma is formed for a long time, while often not manifesting itself in any way. But over time, its symptoms become swelling and hyperemia, darkening of the tooth, acute pain, fistula formation and the release of a purulent substance at the junction of the gum and the diseased tooth.
A number of reasons contribute to the appearance of granulomas and its exacerbation, among which are long-term exposure to cold, colds, stress, hard work, both physical and mental. As a rule, a tooth root granuloma is detected by chance and is determined only when viewing X-ray images. The disease is often found in a far advanced stage.
This disease, unlike other dental diseases, is characterized by special insidiousness. It invisibly affects the roots of the teeth, grows quickly enough, while destroying healthy bone tissue. In the later stages, turning into a cyst, they harm the body as a whole, causing noticeable weakness, pain not only in the tooth, but also in the head, increased body temperature, nasal discharge as with a cold and inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. The lymph nodes are involved in the inflammatory process.
Flux may develop, causing redness and swelling of the gums. This condition makes it difficult to chew and open the mouth. Thanks to the rapid progress in science, today there are conservative methods for eliminating tooth granulomas, involving the preservation of teeth. In the treatment of this kind of pathology, surgical and therapeutic methods are used.
If the infection spreads to the canal of the tooth, and this happens due to a periodontal pocket or the appearance of a vertical crack in the root or tooth, then the tooth cannot be saved. Also, the tooth is removed in case of significant destruction, with obstruction of the root canals, significant perforation of the tooth root. Dental treatment for granuloma is associated with the elimination of infection from the root canals and the creation of a barrier to its re-penetration. Surgical methods for treating granulomas of the root of the tooth and gums include:
· Cystectomy - performing resection of the apex of the tooth root, removing the cyst and removing the infected part of the tooth root.
· Hemisection - a gentle surgical intervention in which it is possible to preserve one of the roots of the tooth.
Gum granuloma
The gum granuloma in the acute period has a fleshy appearance, stands out in bright red. Its surface is glossy, ulceration is present, the consistency is soft, it can be located on a stem or on a broad base. Granuloma usually does not bother, but bleeds when touched.
In the process of maturation, fibrous tissue develops in the neoplasm; due to a decrease in the number of vessels, its color becomes pink. This pathology can develop with insufficient oral care, in the case of an incorrectly applied filling, as well as as a result of tartar. Most often, gum granuloma develops in women with a hormonal disorder, which is caused by puberty, pregnancy and menopause.
Treatment is surgical excision, after removal of the granuloma, a relapse is possible. Divide pyogenic and peripheral granulomas. Pyogenic granuloma is rare, but most affects the gums of the lower jaw in front of the molars, manifests itself in the form of growth, similar to epulis. The cause of its appearance can be trauma to the periosteum or periodontal ligament.
Peripheral giant cell granuloma is easy to determine by its density, it rarely ulcerates, has clear boundaries, a wide base, a smooth, sometimes granular surface of pink or red color. Its diameter does not exceed 1 cm, it can spread to adjacent teeth. Treatment is surgical excision and curettage of the alveolar bone. Incomplete removal leads to relapse.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
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