Stomatitis In Adults - What To Do? Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Stomatitis in adults: treatment methods

Stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity that is accompanied by inflammation of the oral mucosa. It is the reaction of the immune system in response to a particular irritation. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in childhood. However, this does not mean that stomatitis cannot develop in adults.

Content:

• Reasons for the development of stomatitis in adults
• Types of stomatitis
• Symptoms of stomatitis in adults
• Treatment of stomatitis in adults
• What to do with allergic stomatitis?
• What to do with herpetic stomatitis?
• What to do with aphthous stomatitis?
• What to do with candidal stomatitis?

Reasons for the development of stomatitis in adults

Among the main reasons that can cause the development of stomatitis are:

• Infectious lesion of the oral mucosa. It can be affected by viruses, bacteria or mycoplasma. For this pathogenic flora to begin to multiply actively and lead to the development of stomatitis, additional factors are required. If they are not there, then the opportunistic flora does not lead to the development of the disease.
• Power supply errors. If a person does not receive vitamins and minerals along with food, then this will lead to the development of stomatitis. In this regard, the deficiency of B vitamins, iron, folic acid and zinc is especially dangerous.
• Received injuries of the oral cavity. The mucous membrane can be damaged by chemical, mechanical, thermal agents. Injured people often point this out to a doctor, which makes it easier to diagnose stomatitis. The epithelium of the oral cavity can be damaged by hard food, nuts, crackers, and dried fish. A chemical burn develops due to acids or alkalis entering the mouth. If the injuries are minor, then they go away on their own. However, when exposed to certain risk factors, a person develops stomatitis.

As it becomes clear, stomatitis manifests itself only if certain risk factors influence the human body.

These include:

• Poor oral hygiene.
• Eating dirty foods.
• Poor hand hygiene before eating.
• Incorrectly installed dentures. Low quality of such products.
• Excessive oral hygiene, the use of a toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate. This component leads to the fact that a person's production of saliva decreases. As a result, the epithelium of the oral cavity loses its main defense mechanism, begins to dry out, which becomes a favorable environment for the reproduction of bacteria.
• Taking medications that reduce saliva production. In particular, it concerns diuretics.
• Alcohol abuse.
• Tobacco smoking.

• The presence of chronic or acute diseases.

Often, it is thanks to stomatitis that it is possible to detect other diseases in a person that he had not previously suspected.

So, inflammation of the oral mucosa can occur in cases such as:

• Oncopathology. Cancer tumors can be found in the nasopharynx, in the neck.
• Undergoing treatment for a cancerous tumor.
• Diseases of the digestive system: gastritis, colitis, infection with worms.
• Deficiency of fluid in the body, which can occur after severe diarrhea, vomiting, bleeding. Sometimes dehydration occurs against a background of high body temperature, which persists in the patient for a long time.
• Hormonal imbalance in the body. Stomatitis often becomes a companion of pregnant women, as well as patients who have entered menopause.
• People who are HIV positive can suffer from severe stomatitis.
• Patients with diabetes mellitus.
• People with Sjogren's syndrome.
• Patients with bronchial asthma. They are more likely to develop the disease if they use hormonal aerosols for treatment.
• Anemia.

Types of stomatitis

Depending on what exactly caused the development of stomatitis, the type of disease will differ:

• Bacterial stomatitis. The disease can be provoked by such permanent residents of the oropharyngeal tonsils, such as staphylococci and streptococci. At first, small pustules appear in a person's mouth. They quickly open up and transform into erosion and ulcerative defects.
• Viral. Herpes simplex viruses or Epstein-Barr viruses can cause inflammation of the mouth. In a person, small blistering rashes appear in the mouth, which are filled with transparent contents. If the stomatitis is complicated by a bacterial infection, the fluid becomes cloudy. Then the bubbles burst, and in their place areas of erosion appear.
• Mycotic. The disease develops due to the multiplication of fungal flora. It is often the result of prolonged use of antibiotics, or a pronounced decrease in immunity. In the mouth, fungi of the genus Candida begin to multiply, which is manifested by the formation of a white curdled plaque, under which there will be an eroded mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
• Ray. The disease develops due to the effect of ionizing radiation on the body. A person's mouth appears dense.
• Chemical. The disease develops due to a burn of the oral mucosa. After the wounds heal, scars will remain in the mouth.

Symptoms of stomatitis in adults

Stomatitis, regardless of its type, is always accompanied by an inflammatory process in the oral cavity. Unlike children, in adults, the disease is rarely accompanied by a high body temperature. It does not lead to a pronounced deterioration in well-being, although it still causes some discomfort.

The main manifestations of the disease include:

• Redness of a specific area of the oral mucosa. It becomes edematous, gives off pain. These signs indicate that the disease is just beginning to develop.
• In a day, an ulcer will appear at the site of inflammation, which may have the shape of an oval or circle. A reddish border forms around it, and a film is located in the center, which can have a yellowish or white color. These symptoms indicate that the person is developing a bacterial form of the disease.
• The work of the salivary glands intensifies, an unpleasant odor begins to emanate from the mouth, and the gums may bleed.
• Stomatitis pain can be quite intense. Because of it, it will be difficult for a person to eat the usual food. The movements of the lips and tongue respond with pain.
• If the disease has an acute course, then the body temperature rises to 39 ° C. Lymph nodes can grow in size.
• Most often, ulcers are located on the lips from the inside, on the cheeks, on the palate and on the tonsils. Less often, the disease affects the tongue and the area under the tongue.

Treatment of stomatitis in adults

Sometimes a person develops catarrhal stomatitis. It is the result of poor oral hygiene. This disease has a mild course and disappears in a week. In this case, you need to treat your mouth with disinfecting compounds, eat right, removing spicy, salty, sour, hot and cold dishes from the menu.

If you cannot cope with the disease on your own, then you need to consult a doctor. A dentist or general practitioner can advise a person. With developing aphthous, herpetic or ulcerative stomatitis, an integrated approach is required.

Reducing pain

To cope with pain, you need to use drugs such as:

• Hexoral tabs. The cost of the tablets is 160 rubles. They contain Benzocaine and Chlorhexidine, so the drug not only relieves pain, but also destroys pathogenic flora.
• Catejel with Lidocaine. The drug is represented by a gel that is in a syringe. The cost of the drug is 170 rubles. The drug is used for severe pain. It contains not only lidocaine, but also Chlorhexidine.
• Lidocaine Asept. A drug with a pronounced analgesic effect. Its cost is 300 rubles.
• Lidochlor. It is a gel-like preparation that can relieve pain, kill pathogens and reduce inflammation. The effect occurs within 5 minutes after applying the gel to the sore spot.

You can also reduce pain with the help of Kalanchoe juice or decoctions of medicinal herbs (sage, chamomile, calendula).

Disinfection of the oral cavity

To remove the inflammatory reaction, you need to destroy the harmful flora in the mouth as much as possible.

For this purpose, adult patients can use drugs such as:

• Spray Ingalipt at a price of 80 rubles, Hexoral spray at a price of 170 rubles, Lugol spray at a price of 100 rubles, Vinilin gel at a price of 100 rubles.
• Gel Holisal dental. Its cost is 190 rubles. The drug disinfects the oral cavity, reduces pain and relieves inflammation.
• Kamistad at a price of 280 rubles. The drug is available in the form of a gel. It has a complex effect: it destroys microbes and anesthetizes the oral cavity.
• Fees for inhalations: Ingafitol and Evkarom. Their composition is represented by chamomile flowers and eucalyptus leaves. The cost of each fee is 50 rubles.
• Stomatidin in solution. It is a strong antiseptic that additionally pains the area of application. The cost of the drug is 270 rubles.
• Spray and aerosol Camenton at a price of 70 rubles.
• Gel Actovegin, which must be used at the initial stage of the development of the disease.
• Eucalyptus M. lozenges. The cost of the drug is 200 rubles.

Antihistamines, antifungal and antiviral drugs

If the stomatitis is caused by the herpes virus, then antiviral drugs will be required. When the disease is the result of the multiplication of fungal flora, antifungal agents must be used. Treatment of allergic stomatitis is carried out with antihistamines.

For the treatment of fungal stomatitis, drugs such as Miconazole, Levorin, Mycosan, Dactarin are used. You can apply Nystatin ointment.

To cope with a viral infection, you need to opt for such drugs as: Zovirax, Acyclovir. You can also use ointments (bonafton, tebrofen, interferon, oxolinic).

For allergic stomatitis, the doctor prescribes to the patient such drugs as: Tavegil, Suprastin, Loratadin, Claritin, Fenistil, Suprastin.

How to accelerate the recovery of the mucous membrane?

In order for the regeneration of the oral epithelium to occur as quickly as possible, it is necessary to use drugs such as:

• Sea buckthorn oil or rosehip oil. The first remedy costs 100 rubles, and the second one costs 70 rubles. Their application to the affected area allows you to create a barrier film and accelerate tissue healing.
• Carotolin. This medication is an oily solution that is used for external use. It has antioxidant properties.
• Dental paste Solcoseryl dental at a price of 380 rubles. This drug enhances tissue nutrition and stimulates regenerative processes.
• Vinylin (Shostakovsky's balm). The drug allows you to cleanse ulcerative defects, accelerate the restoration of the epithelial layer, reduce inflammation and destroy pathogenic flora.
• Spray propolis worth 140 rubles. The drug allows you to fight against viral and bacterial stomatitis.

Lysobact is a universal remedy for all forms of stomatitis. This is the only drug that restores the protective function of lysozyme and thereby normalizes local immunity.

What to do with allergic stomatitis?

Allergy is one of the most common diseases in modern society. About 30% of the world's population suffers from it. A variety of substances can provoke an allergic reaction: pollen, animal hair, food, medicines, etc. Allergic stomatitis can develop even after installing dentures.

To cope with the disease, you will need to isolate the allergen. Also, a person will need to take medications, including: Tavegil, Suprastin, Tsetrin, etc. Sometimes applications are made with antihistamines.

What to do with herpetic stomatitis?

Among all viral stomatitis, it is herpetic inflammation of the oral cavity that comes first. More often than others, the disease is caused by the herpes simplex virus. More than 90% of people are carriers. A person with this virus is found in early childhood. For a long time, he may not show himself in anything.

If immunity decreases, which can occur for a number of reasons (emotional shock, hypothermia, chronic fatigue, illness) and at the same time the oral cavity is injured, then a person may manifest herpetic stomatitis. His favorite place of localization is the palate, cheeks and tongue.

Body temperature usually remains within normal limits. Bubbles filled with liquid appear in the mouth, then they burst, merge and form extensive erosion.

To cope with the disease, you will need to perform the following sequence of actions:

• Anesthetize the oral cavity. For this, drugs such as: Lidocaine Asept, Lidochlor, etc. can be used.
• Relieve inflammation (drugs: Solcoseryl, Cholisal, rosehip oil, Carotolin, Kamistad).
• Reduce tissue swelling (antihistamines).
• Destroy the virus in the mouth (Oxolin, Acyclovir, Zovirax, Hyporamine, Viru Mertz, sea buckthorn extract).
• Enhance immunity (vitamin and mineral complexes, immunomodulators: Polyoxidonium, Immunal, Cycloferon).

What to do with aphthous stomatitis?

Scientists believe that a variety of representatives of the pathogenic flora can provoke aphthous stomatitis: viruses and bacteria. Some experts are of the opinion that aphthous stomatitis develops due to the herpes virus, which is activated in the body with a decrease in immunity. From time to time, people may experience both single and multiple rashes on the cheeks and lips. They look like bubbles.

Aphthous stomatitis differs from ordinary herpes infection in that its main symptom is the formation of aphthae. They are represented by ulcerative defects, which are surrounded by a red rim. If after 2 weeks the ulcer does not heal, then the tissues of the oral cavity may undergo necrosis. Such a severe course of the disease indicates a pronounced decrease in immunity.

To cope with inflammation, you need to implement the following algorithm of actions:

• Disinfect ulcers with boric acid and chamomile decoction. Take 4 g of boric acid in a glass of broth. The resulting composition is rinsed out of the mouth.
• To kill bacteria, you can use hydrogen peroxide, which is diluted with water in equal proportions. Furacilin solution is also suitable for rinsing the mouth.
• You can reduce inflammation using sea buckthorn or peach oil, using Kalanchoe juice.
• To increase immunity in the area of inflammation, you can use drugs such as: Pyrogenal, Lysozyme, Prodigiosan.
• You can improve immunity by taking B vitamins, riboflavin, folic and niacin.
• Detoxification of the body is realized with the use of sodium thiosulfate. It is either administered intravenously or taken orally.
• Antihistamines and sedatives are used to treat aphthous stomatitis.
• Physiotherapy methods allow faster coping with the disease: magnetotherapy, ultrasound treatment and UHF.
• To accelerate tissue regeneration, it is necessary to avoid eating food that can irritate the oral mucosa.

It is imperative to find out what is the cause of aphthous stomatitis. All chronic foci of infection must be properly sanitized.

What to do with candidal stomatitis?

Reproduction of fungi of the genus Candida in the oral cavity occurs in people with reduced body defenses. This happens against the background of HIV infection or tuberculosis, during treatment with corticosteroid hormones.

First, in patients, a plaque appears on the oral mucosa, which resembles a curd mass. If you clean it, then the inflamed mucous membrane will be visible under it. When there is no stomatitis therapy, the epithelium suffers greatly, erosions form on it. In the corners of the patient's mouth, seizures and cracks appear. Eating will be painful.

To cope with fungal stomatitis, you need to undergo the following treatment:

• Suppress fungal infection. To do this, use drugs such as: Fluconazole, Pimafucin, Nystatin, Lavorin, Irunin, Clotrimazole. These medicines should be prescribed by a doctor.
• Disinfect the oral cavity. To do this, use Nystatin ointment, Miconazole gel, Levorin ointment.
• Rinse your mouth with a borax solution (2-4%), treat areas of inflammation with a spray of Lugol or Iodinol.
• Follow a sweets-restricted diet.

With candidal stomatitis, it is imperative to consult with an endocrinologist and gastroenterologist.

Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".