2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43
First aid for hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is the main symptom of diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by a lack of insulin and an increase in blood sugar. An insufficient amount of insulin leads to starvation of body cells, since glucose is poorly absorbed by them. As a result, fatty acids are not completely oxidized, and ketone bodies (acetone) are produced and accumulated. This disrupts the natural metabolism in the body, negatively affects the cardiovascular and nervous system. Diabetic acidosis develops, which has three stages: moderate, precomatose state, coma.
All these conditions are dangerous for humans, they must be identified in time and first aid provided. But for this you need to know the main symptoms of hyperglycemia.
In the early stages of acidosis, the patient complains of weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, noise or ringing in the ears; often there is discomfort or pain in the stomach, intense thirst, urination becomes frequent; a person's mouth smells like acetone. Blood glucose measurements show its concentration close to 19 mmol / L.
The stage of a diabetic pre-room state: a person is constantly nauseous, vomiting appears, and a deterioration in consciousness and vision is added to general weakness. The patient's breathing quickens and has a pungent smell of acetone, hands and feet get cold. The precomatose state can last more than a day. If you do not help the person, he will develop a diabetic coma.
It is extremely important to know what actions to take for first aid to a person with severe symptoms of hyperglycemia.
The first step is to measure blood sugar. If the indicator is above 14 mmol / L, insulin-dependent patients need to be given an injection of insulin and provide them with plenty of drink. Sugar measurements should be taken every two hours and insulin should be injected until the amount of glucose in the blood is normalized.
Patients whose blood sugar does not decrease should be hospitalized: due to acidosis, breathing problems may occur, and an oxygen mask will need to be used.
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In order to remove acetone from the body, the stomach should be flushed with sodium bicarbonate (soda) solution.
Non-insulin dependent people with hyperglycemic complications (precoms) should neutralize the increased acidity of the body. To do this, you need to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, drink large quantities of mineral water. Also, ordinary baking soda dissolved in water (a couple of teaspoons per glass) will help reduce acidity.
Often with acidosis, the patient may lose consciousness. To bring him to his senses, you can use an enema with a solution of baking soda. In a precomatose state, human skin becomes dry and rough. It should be rubbed with a damp towel, especially the forehead, wrists, neck, and under the knees.
Remember: a dehydrated body needs fluid replenishment. But if a person has lost consciousness, it is impossible to pour water into his mouth, as he may choke.
To avoid a diabetic coma, you need to carefully monitor your own condition, control your diet, take time to exercise (do exercises in the morning, walk in the fresh air).
With hyperglycemia, it is important to follow a diet: give up sweet and fatty foods, foods rich in carbohydrates. Overweight is also one of the catalysts for hyperglycemia and one of the reasons for the development of diabetes.
Find out more: How to lower your blood sugar?
If your doctor has prescribed sugar-lowering medications, you need to take them strictly on schedule, as missed doses can cause acidosis. These drugs are designed to produce insulin in the pancreas. They can also interfere with the production of glucose in the blood or help the body use it faster.
Traditional medicine will also be a good helper for hyperglycemia. There are many medicinal plants and foods that can help a patient reduce blood sugar levels and regain their health.
The author of the article: Kuzmina Vera Valerievna | Endocrinologist, nutritionist
Education: Diploma of the Russian State Medical University named after NI Pirogov with a degree in General Medicine (2004). Residency at Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, diploma in Endocrinology (2006).
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