Pansies - Growing And Care, Varieties Of Pansies

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Video: Pansies - Growing And Care, Varieties Of Pansies

Video: Pansies - Growing And Care, Varieties Of Pansies
Video: How To Grow and Care For Pansies |Everything You Need To Know| 2024, March
Pansies - Growing And Care, Varieties Of Pansies
Pansies - Growing And Care, Varieties Of Pansies
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Pansies

Pansies
Pansies

With their spectacular shape, these flowers are very similar to the violet. Most hobby gardeners grow this plant as a biennial crop. Pansies are especially prized for their abundant bloom in early spring, when a carpet of velvet petals of various fancy shades pleases the eye.

Signs and legends are associated with this flower among different peoples. Pansies were considered almost a love potion - one has only to sprinkle them with juice on the eyelids of the sleeping person, and he will love without memory the one he sees first after awakening. In France and Poland, these flowers are given before a long separation. The British declare their love by sending pansies to their chosen one.

For early and abundant flowering, this culture is planted in two terms, subsequently replacing it with summer plants. Flowers grow equally well in the northern and southern regions, they can be grown and bloom in two shifts - both in spring and in autumn. Modern flower breeders have created exclusively decorative varieties and hybrids with exotic colors, different from the traditional yellow and purple colors.

Content:

  • Which variety of pansies should you choose?
  • Varieties of pansies
  • When to plant pansies?
  • How to plant pansies?
  • Growing and caring for pansies
  • Useful tips from gardeners
  • Reproduction of pansies
  • Possible problems with growing pansies

Which variety of pansies should you choose?

Which variety of pansies to choose
Which variety of pansies to choose

Professionals distinguish between 2 categories of varieties of this plant:

  • Large-flowered, with a large flower diameter - up to 10 cm;
  • Small-flowered, having many flowers of small diameter - up to 6 cm.

Typically, amateur flower growers seek to acquire and grow large-flowered pansies. But from experience it turns out that the most robust and hardy varieties are those with small flowers. They tolerate the rainy season and temperature changes better. The abundance of small flowers on one plant gives no less vivid effect than single large flowers.

In regions with a cold climate, it is preferable to grow varieties of pansies with small flowers, although large-flowered species must be given their due, in the south they have recently been in the lead. This is not always justified, since in the southern regions, in hot weather, the inflorescences of large-flowered varieties become smaller. However, there is a risk of planting a small-flowered variety and getting a bush with tiny inflorescences from it by the end of the season. Considering this feature of pansies, gardeners choose plants with large flowers to decorate city flower beds. They also look more decorative in containers and hanging pots.

Varieties of pansies

The name "pansies" refers to the garden variety of this plant, or the Wittrock violet. Its origin is based on such species as tricolor violet, Altai violet and yellow violet. Breeding work has made it possible to create many varieties and variety groups from this genetic material.

Small-flowered varieties

  • Snow Maiden - a variety with white flowers 3-4 cm in diameter;
  • Little Red Riding Hood - a variety with bright red flowers 3.5-4 cm in diameter;
  • Blue Boy - a variety with blue-blue flowers 3-4 cm in diameter.

Large-flowered varieties

Large-flowered varieties
Large-flowered varieties
  • Winter sun - bush height 20 cm, variety with bright yellow flowers that have velvet dark brown spots on the 3 lower petals. Flower diameter - 5 cm, leg length - 8-10 cm.

  • The Ice King is a variety with white flowers with a greenish tinge, with purple spots on the 3 lower petals, on a long stem, 5 cm in diameter, bush height - 20 cm.
  • Heavenly Queen is a variety with a pure blue color of flowers 5 cm in diameter, with smooth edges, on a long stem up to 11 cm. The height of the bush is 20 cm.
  • The magic of March is a variety with dark purple, almost black flowers up to 5.5 cm in diameter with velvety petals, up to 11 cm on the peduncle.
  • Jupiter is a variety with purple-violet at the base and whitish petals on top, on short pedicels up to 8 cm.
  • Evening heat - a variety with brown-red flowers and wavy edges of petals, up to 5.5 cm long, on a long pedicel up to 10 cm. The height of the bush is 10-15 cm.

Giant varieties

  • White - a variety with white flowers with a yellow-greenish tinge up to 7 cm in diameter, with wavy edges of the petals, on a long peduncle up to 10 cm.

  • Blue - a variety with purple-blue flowers, smooth edges of a flower up to 7 cm in diameter, on a long peduncle up to 11 cm. The height of the bush is 25 cm.
  • Golden yellow - a variety with solid golden yellow flowers up to 7 cm in diameter, on a peduncle up to 12 cm long. The height of the bush is 20 cm.

When to plant pansies?

When to plant pansies
When to plant pansies

After choosing the best, most decorative variety, you need to start planting seeds. For those who want to save time and energy, it is better to plant ready-made seedlings on their personal plot. But it is much more interesting to grow flowers yourself, observing their growth and development.

To see blooming pansies in your garden in spring, seed germination should be started 2.5-3 months before planting seedlings in the ground, that is, even in winter. This flower is highly resistant to low temperatures, so you can plan to plant seedlings in the ground 2-3 weeks before the likely date of the last frost. How do I install it? Look into last year's weather archive, clarify the date of the last frost, count from it 3 months ago and start germination of seeds on this day of the current year.

Late germination is the most common mistake made by amateur flower growers. Pansies grow well in low air temperatures. Seed germination is best done at + 18 ° C. Flower pests - thrips are a great danger to seedlings. Therefore, the room where the bulbs of gladioli, most often infected with thrips, were stored, is not suitable for germinating pansy seeds.

Flower growers practice winter sowing of pansy seeds, it is carried out in July, right in the open ground. Sprouts appear in 1-2 weeks, they need to be covered from the scorching summer sun. You can plant the seeds in a greenhouse in January, where they are lightly sprinkled with soil. The optimum daytime temperature for seedling growth is + 16 + 18 ° C, nighttime - + 10 + 15 ° C, and moderate soil moisture. Summer seedlings are planted in a permanent place in the fall, winter - in the spring.

How to plant pansies?

How to plant pansies
How to plant pansies

The seeds are laid out on the moistened surface of the prepared soil for flower seedlings, the crops are sprinkled with a thin layer of sand or vermiculite. For friendly germination of seeds, they must be protected from the action of daylight.

A week later, the first shoots will appear, until this moment the soil in the seedling container is slightly moistened. It is best to water through a pallet, and cover the box with plastic on top to create the necessary moisture. The mini-greenhouse should be ventilated more often so that the plants do not die.

The container with seedlings is placed in a cool, well-lit place. Better if it is a solar-heated greenhouse or a bed, protected from the cold. The abundance of light and temperatures close to + 13 + 16 ° C will not allow young plants to stretch out.

Germinating seeds at home requires fluorescent lighting and a cool location. Seedlings at the age of 30 days are transplanted into pots, which are taken out into the open air at a temperature outside the window not lower than + 5 ° C.

Hardening of seedlings for its better adaptation begins at the age of 10-11 weeks in protected ground. In case of frost, the bed is covered with straw or an additional layer of lutrasil.

Growing and caring for pansies

Growing
Growing

Flowering plants can be obtained in spring, summer and late autumn. To do this, pansies are propagated by planting them with seeds and cuttings from May to September-October. For flowering in early spring, plants are sown in the summer of the previous year. In the north-west of the country, at the latitude of Murmansk and St. Petersburg, sowing is carried out from mid to late July in open ground nurseries. This technique does not allow plants to bloom ahead of time, does not allow them to develop before the required time.

Early sowing at the end of May - at the beginning of June leads to the fact that the seedlings bloom even before the beginning of winter, weaken, weaken and die. Delay in sowing dates is fraught with the fact that pansies go to winter weak and underdeveloped. Sick plants in the spring cannot come to their senses, recover after winter, do not bloom for a long time.

Although pansies are quite frost-resistant plants, a harsh winter with little snow affects them destructively. Plants suffer even worse during early spring with thaws and night frosts. Most often, plantings located in damp places with stagnant melt water die. In winter, snow retention should be carried out in beds with perennials.

When sowing in nurseries, flower seeds are sown not thickly, shoots appear in 1-2 weeks. They are watered, loosened the aisles, dive into the wintering site or a garden bed at a distance of 20x20. With a belated dive, the plants remain elongated and weak.

After the plant has taken its permanent place in the decorative flower bed, the plantings are loosened and watered. Top dressing is carried out with superphosphate and ammonium nitrate at a dosage of 25-40 g / m 2. Fresh manure is contraindicated for pansies. So that the varieties and hybrids with gigantic flowers on dry sandy soils do not become smaller, they are fed with organic matter (humus and compost) at a dosage of 5 kg / m 2.

The lighting of plants is equally important, since in the shade they do not bloom as brightly and abundantly as in the sun. Flowers in well-lit plants are larger than those grown in partial shade. In the summer, pansies can be removed by replacing the pansies.

To obtain seeds, plants with the desired traits are transferred to a seed bed and watered regularly. To obtain pure-bred plants, mother specimens are isolated from each other to avoid cross-pollination. The seeds are harvested after the bolls turn yellow, before they dry and crack.

When maintaining pansies in an annual culture, they are sown in March in seedling containers. This is followed by picking into the greenhouse (April) and planting into the ground (May). In the summer of the same year, the plants will bloom, but the size of the flowers and the abundance of flowering will not be as pronounced as with podzimny sowing.

To make pansies bloom in the fall, they are sown in late April - early May. Flowering occurs in 55-70 days, depending on the characteristics of the variety.

Useful tips from gardeners

Growing tips
Growing tips

If you leave the pansies, the seedlings of which are planted in July, overwinter, you can count on autumn flowering and the appearance of flowers during a thaw, in early spring.

Plant care tips:

  • Covering pansies carefully for the winter will help keep them for several years. These plants, in fact, are perennials, as they originated from field and forest violets. Modern cultivation of pansies traditionally prescribes to destroy them with the onset of the summer season, like faded annuals.
  • Pansies, planted in the middle lane from mid-August to the first ten days of September, will bloom from late autumn to May next year, with a break for winter.
  • Varieties with traditional coloration (purple, gold, yellow and white with spots) tolerate winter best than modern varieties of red, pink and pastel colors.
  • For successful wintering, a high, drained bed with a shelter from the cold wind is selected. To adapt the roots before the frost begins, the plants are planted a month before the stable cooling.
  • To obtain an exquisite spring flower bed, pansies are planted in the fall, mixed with daffodil and tulip bulbs.
  • In winters with little snow, plants lose their natural snow shelter, so they are covered with spruce branches of coniferous trees. Fallen leaves are not suitable for shelter, as they are non-hygroscopic and can crush plants.
  • Residents of the northern regions, in the absence of the necessary seedlings in the nursery, can start growing the variety they like in the middle of summer. The planting material will have to be stored in the cellar in the harsh winter.
  • An alternative to the previous method is sowing seeds in the fall in a cold greenhouse or on a sheltered garden bed, and in the spring, transplanting flower seedlings into open ground. It will not be possible to get autumn flowering, but in early spring there will be full-fledged plants in the flower garden.

Occasionally pests appear on pansies - red mites, which annoy plants during heat and dry weather. They get rid of them by applying an insecticide soap solution for treatment.

Reproduction of pansies

Reproduction
Reproduction

To obtain a large amount of planting material that fully retains the characteristics of the variety and hybrid, propagation by green cuttings in the open field is used. For this simple and effective method, the green end shoots with 2-3 nodes are cut in 2-3 steps. The harvesting time for cuttings is from May to July. To grow plants from cuttings, use low beds located in a damp, shaded place. The soil is compacted tightly, watered generously.

Cuttings are planted with high density - up to 400 pieces. per m 2, so that they touch the leaves. Planting depth - 0.5 cm, it is imperative to spray the plantings. For moistening and better rooting, the cuttings are covered with paper, which is abundantly moistened.

Plantings are watered daily, sprayed, weeds are weeded as needed. Over 95% of cuttings with this care take root after 3-4 weeks. If cuttings are carried out in May-June, then in the summer or autumn of the same year, the plants will bloom. Late cuttings produce plants that bloom next spring.

After rooting, the cuttings are transplanted into a flower garden or garden bed. If grafting was carried out late (in August), young plants are not transplanted, leaving in the same place. For the winter, they are covered with leaf litter, and the transplant is carried out in the spring.

One mother plant gives up to 10 cuttings at a time, 35-40 pieces per season. Cutting cuttings from the mother plant rejuvenates the hybrid, preventing it from growing.

Possible problems with growing pansies

In addition to the mite, pansy pests can be scoops or aphids, in the fight against which systemic drugs are effective.

Major diseases:

  • Powdery mildew;
  • Blackleg;
  • Root rot;
  • Stem rot;
  • Spotting.

Both diseases and pests rarely disturb the vegetation and the abundant flowering of this unpretentious plant grown in flower beds and alpine slides, in hanging pots and balcony boxes.

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Image

The author of the article: Sokolova Nina Vladimirovna | Phytotherapist

Education: Diploma in "General Medicine" and "Therapy" received at the Pirogov University (2005 and 2006). Advanced training at the Department of Phytotherapy at the Peoples' Friendship University of Moscow (2008).

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