Encyclopedia 2024, April

Agranulocytosis: symptoms and treatmentAgranulocytosis is a condition that characterizes a violation of the qualitative composition of the blood. At the same time, the level of granulocytes, which are a special type of leukocytes, decreases in the peripheral blood

ACTH: what is this hormone and what is it responsible for?Corticotropin, or adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH (ACTH) is a biologically active substance, a tropic hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. The tropic hormone realizes itself through the stimulation of the production of hormones by the endocrine glands, or through a tropic (specific) effect on the tissues of the human body, in particular through the adrenal glands

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Alkalosis - what is it? What to do?The acid-base balance of the blood reflects the nature of metabolic processes in the body. In the room, the pH of the blood should remain at around 7.35-7.45. This value reflects the content of acidic and alkaline blood components

Platelet aggregation: what is it and what is the norm?Platelet aggregation is the concentration of certain blood cells (Bizzocero plaques) to repair vascular damage that causes blood loss. Violation of integrity with minor damage to small vessels against the background of normal hemostasis does not threaten with massive blood loss

Anisocytosis: what is it, what is the norm?Anisocytosis of erythrocytes (red blood cells) is an indicator that reflects the width of their distribution. This measure is indicated in the analysis results as RDW. Previously, the Price-Jones curve was used to determine anisocytosis, which was rather difficult to draw

Blood test for ESR: norm and deviationsThe erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a non-specific laboratory blood index reflecting the ratio of plasma protein fractions.A change in the results of this test up or down from the norm is an indirect sign of a pathological or inflammatory process in the human body

Antiplatelet agents: a list of drugsAntiplatelet agents are a group of medicines that are designed to suppress the process of thrombus formation by inhibiting the adhesion of platelets to each other. In addition, taking antiplatelet agents prevents platelets from adhering to the vascular wall

Anticoagulants: a list of drugsAnticoagulants are drugs that are aimed at suppressing the activity of the blood system, which is responsible for its clotting. Anticoagulants help keep the fibrin produced in small amounts, thereby preventing blood clots from forming

Autohemotherapy: indications and schemeAutohemotherapy was quite a popular procedure some time ago. Then interest in her faded somewhat, and now it begins to flare up with renewed vigor. It is mainly used by patients who want to get rid of acne on the face for little money, as well as cleanse the skin of other pustular rashes

APTT elevated - what does it mean?APTT is an activated partial thromboplastin time. This indicator is always measured when performing a blood coagulogram, as it gives an assessment of its coagulation system. This assay was discovered in 1953 and quickly entered medical laboratory practice

Antiphospholipid syndrome: why is it dangerous?Only forty years ago, doctors did not even know about the existence of antiphospholipid syndrome. The discovery belongs to the physician Graham Hughes, who practiced in London. He described in detail its symptoms and causes of occurrence, which is why sometimes APS is also called Hughes syndrome

Acidosis: main causes, symptoms and treatmentAcidosis is a violation of the acid-base balance of the blood with the accumulation of hydrogen ions and acidic components in its composition. If the body is healthy, then the buffer systems of the blood quickly neutralize the excess of these substances

Basophils: what is it?Basophils are large granular leukocytes that are present in the blood in small numbers. They are responsible for the destruction of foreign agents in the human body. After formation, the basophils emerge from the vascular bed into the tissue

Basopenia: what is it and how to treat it?Basopenia is a decrease in the level of basophils less than 0.01 * 10 9 g / l. Basopenia accompanies the development of infectious processes, ulcerative stomatitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia. This condition is associated with a high risk of developing severe complications, including sepsis, hepatitis, peritonitis, etc

Basophilia: what is it and how to treat it?Basophilia is an excess of the level of basophils in the blood. This condition itself is not a disease. It accompanies other pathologies, which can sometimes pose a threat to life. Basophils are referred to as BA or BASO on the blood test form

BifidobacteriaBifidobacteria and bifidofloraBifidobacteriaBifidobacteria with complete confidence can be called an important representative of the human intestinal microflora. They correspond to this name, both quantitatively and qualitatively

Total protein in bloodDefinition and clinical significanceTotal blood protein is one of the indicators of amino acid metabolism in the body, which characterizes the concentration of protein molecules of all types and fractions in plasma

AntioxidantsAntioxidants are substances that neutralize free radicals. When it comes to antioxidants, it is most often understood as antioxidants of organic compounds. The group of antioxidants includes minerals, carotenoids and vitamins.Free radicals are molecules that are deprived of one or more electrons at once

GGT in a biochemical blood test - what is it?If the liver is abnormal, certain symptoms occur that indicate this or that pathology. To clarify the diagnosis, laboratory tests, which are often called "liver function tests", also carry out enzyme tests

Haptoglobin - what is it? Indicators of the normYoung blood cells are replacing aged and dead red blood cells that have lost the ability to function fully. What happens with the hemoglobin (Hb), which is part of these cells, which contains iron, which is valuable for the body?

Von Willebrand disease: how to treat it?Von Willebrand disease is a type of hemorrhagic diathesis that is inherited. The disease is characterized by increased bleeding, which develops against the background of a deficiency of plasma von Willebrand factor

Why is lupus anticoagulant dangerous?In the human body, there are many very complex processes that implement metabolism. Most of the indicators of biochemical transformations can be analyzed using laboratory studies. Deviations of some indicators from the norm may be a sign of an onset disease or recovery

Hemolysis - what is it?Hemolysis is the process of completing the four-month life cycle of erythrocytes, which are destroyed naturally or by exposure to their membranes of poisons, infectious agents, antibodies, drugs.Content:Where does hemolysis occur?

Hyperalbuminemia: Symptoms and TreatmentHyperalbuminemia is an increase in the level of albumin in the blood. Albumin is a protein fraction that circulates in the systemic circulation of every person. It is albumin that is considered the main protein in the blood, which is due to its functional load

Hemosiderosis: symptoms and treatmentHemosiderosis is a violation of metabolic processes in the body, which is explained by the excessive content of a pigment called hemosiderin in tissue cells. This pigment is formed as a result of the breakdown of hemoglobin, which is affected by endogenous enzymes

Hyperproteinemia: Symptoms and TreatmentHyperproteinemia is a high level of protein in the blood. A similar violation develops in many diseases, for example, with peritonitis, diabetes mellitus, etc.To determine the level of protein in the blood, it is necessary to donate blood for general and biochemical analysis

HypoalbuminemiaHypoalbuminemia is a pathological condition of the body in which the level of albumin in the serum part of the blood decreases below 35 g / l. Hypoalbuminemia is a type of hypoproteinemia in which there is a drop in all blood proteins

Hemophilia: causes, symptoms, how to treat?Hemophilia is an inherited genetic disorder that develops when one gene on the X chromosome changes. Mainly hemophilia is expressed in insufficient rate of blood clotting, which is the cause of excessive bleeding

Hypervolemia: symptoms and treatmentHypervolemia is an increase in blood volume in the vascular bed. Depending on the characteristics of the hematocrit, oligocythemic, simple and polycythemic hypervolemia are distinguished.If we are talking about hypervolemia of the pulmonary circulation, then this condition is called pulmonary hypertension

What is hypercoagulation? Symptoms and TreatmentHypercoagulation is a condition of the blood system, in which its coagulation system exhibits increased activity. Hypercoagulation can develop on its own or be a symptom of another disease. With the pathological activity of the blood coagulation system in the body, the risk of blood clots increases

Blood transfusion: complications, indications, preparationBlood transfusion is a blood transfusion procedure that has certain indications, can give complications, and therefore requires preliminary preparation.The first attempts to transfuse blood to a person were made long before the birth of Christ

Erythrocyte hyperchromia: causes, symptoms and treatmentCarrying out a morphological examination of erythrocytes under a microscope, the hematologist notes not only their physical parameters, but also the shade of color. If the color of the blood cells is saturated, it overlaps the middle enlightenment typical for normal blood cells, a condition such as hyperchromia is recorded

HypoproteinemiaHypoproteinemia is an abnormally low level of protein in the blood plasma. Normally, in a healthy person, the protein content is 63-83 g / l or 7-8% of the serum part of the blood.The total protein is represented by albumin and globulins

Hypercholesterolemia: Symptoms and Treatment MethodsThe excess of the norm of cholesterol in the blood is defined by medical terminology as hypercholesterolemia. The cause of this condition can be both diseases and culinary traditions associated with the consumption of large amounts of animal fats

Hypovolemia: symptoms and treatmentHypovolemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in blood volume in the human body. Hypovolemia can develop against the background of various disorders and health problems, but all of them are accompanied by the loss of fluid, or its release from the bloodstream into the surrounding tissues

Hypochromia in a general blood test: what does it show?Smear staining and its morphological characteristics are an important laboratory technique in the study of erythrocytes. Prior to microscopic examination, red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels can be determined

Globulin that binds sex hormones - what is it?In the body of men and women, a glycoprotein is present, which is responsible for the binding and transmission of sex hormones in the circulatory system. If we speak in understandable language for the reader, then this globulin acts as a route taxi for the sex hormones of men (androgens) and women (estrogens)

Glycated hemoglobin: the norm in the blood testGlycated hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that may indicate the latent course of diabetes. It starts to be produced when blood sugar levels rise. Also glycated hemoglobin is called glycated hemoglobin

Homocysteine when planning pregnancy - what is it, how to take it, reasons for the increaseHomocysteine is an amino acid that does not contain protein inclusions. It does not enter the body with food, but is formed in it as a result of a number of biochemical reactions. Homocys