Glasses For Hyperopia - How To Choose The Right One? Selection Features, Makeup

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Glasses for hyperopia: how to choose the right one?

Farsightedness (hyperopia) is a very common visual impairment, especially in adulthood. It lies in the fact that a person does not see closely objects well. As for distant objects, they can look both quite clear and blurry - it all depends on the type and degree of hyperopia. For example, the "senile eye", or presbyopia, is most often characterized by normal visualization at a far distance and insufficient - at close. And people with very strong farsightedness do not see well either near or far. This happens because the focus of light rays passing through the optical medium of the eye is located in the conditional plane behind the retina, and not on it, and it is no longer possible to move it into place by expanding the lens.

Regardless of the severity of the pathology, it can be successfully compensated by optics. Sometimes, wearing glasses with collecting lenses is the only way to ensure clarity of vision or to stop its further deterioration, because methods of surgical and laser correction are not shown to children, and elderly patients may no longer be available due to wear and tear of the visual apparatus or the presence of concomitant diseases. That is why the correct selection of glasses for hyperopia remains such an urgent issue.

Content:

• What lenses are put in glasses for hyperopia?
• Features of the selection of glasses for hyperopia
• Should you wear glasses for hyperopia all the time?
• Does a child need glasses for hyperopia?
• Age-related hyperopia: which glasses are better?
• Eyeglass make-up for hyperopia
• Storage and maintenance of glasses

The selection of optics should be carried out by a qualified ophthalmologist; under his guidance, the patient must undergo a number of special tests. The subjective sensations of a person when putting on different glasses offered in the salon cannot be a reliable assessment criterion, since the refractive system of the eye adapts to changing conditions. And if it seems to you that in such an accessory you see quite clearly, this can only mean that your eyes are as tense as possible. Wearing such glasses will not be beneficial, on the contrary, it will lead to increased fatigue of the visual apparatus, headaches and accelerated depletion of the accommodation resource.

From the further conversation, you will learn all the most important about optical vision correction in hyperopia: if you need glasses for hyperopia, which lenses should be installed there? Should you wear the accessory all the time? Does a child need glasses for hyperopia? Are there such devices that can be used to correct myopia and hyperopia at the same time? How to properly use and store optics so that they serve for a long time? And the fair sex will certainly come in handy with tips on applying makeup under glasses with hyperopia in order to look confident and attractive in them.

What lenses are put in glasses for hyperopia?

Let's start with the main thing - by looking at the properties and functions of lenses used to correct hyperopia. As we have already mentioned, in this visual disorder, the focus of light rays is displaced behind the retina, therefore, it must be returned to its place, in the area of the macula (macula). To achieve this, it is necessary to increase refraction, because the patient's cornea and lens are not doing their job. Therefore, farsighted glasses should be equipped with convex collecting lenses.

Is farsightedness a plus or minus? Of course, this is a plus, because the optical characteristics of the eye need to be amplified. And myopia is a "minus", since the focus of light rays is shifted forward, and it must be moved to the retina, weakening refraction with the help of concave diffusing lenses.

Refractive indices (refractive index) are measured in diopters. At the same time, in the center of the scale there is zero, which corresponds to normal one hundred percent vision, or in scientific terms "emmetropia". Deviation in the negative direction corresponds to myopia (myopia), and in the positive direction - to hyperopia (farsightedness). The more pronounced this deviation, the thicker the lenses required for optical correction will be. This means that the glasses will be rather bulky, and it will be more difficult for them to choose a harmonious and reliable frame.

Let's consider this dependence in more detail:

• Weak degree of hyperopia (from +0.1 D to +3 D) - the accessory will be light and comfortable, with thin lenses, which will fit absolutely any frame, the main thing is that the person likes it and looks like it. Such glasses are usually prescribed for elderly people for reading and working at the computer, that is, for occasional use;
• Medium degree of hyperopia (from +3 D to +6 D) - devices of this type are designed for constant wearing, without them it will be difficult for a person in everyday life, since near vision is seriously impaired. The lenses in such glasses are already thick enough, therefore, the frame should be chosen wide, strong, made of modern polymers, it can be black or colored. Thin metal arms will look ridiculous, and they will not stand the load;
• A high degree of hyperopia (more than +6 D) - such lenses require a very careful approach to design, and not only because of their massive appearance, which can only be compensated for by a transparent or very light frame. First of all, it must be stable and reliable so that the glasses do not fall off during wear and serve the wearer as long as possible.

Features of the selection of glasses for hyperopia

The successful selection of an optical accessory depends on several aspects, among which:

• Results of examination by an ophthalmologist. To determine the degree of hyperopia, methods such as skiascopy, refractometry, accommodation and some others are used - the need for additional techniques is determined by the doctor depending on the individual characteristics of the patient. Most of these tests are carried out under conditions of artificially created accommodation dormancy, which is achieved by instilling atropine sulfate into the eyes. Moreover, indices in diopters are established for each eye separately, since in almost all people refractive errors are manifested differently in different eyes. The distance between the pupils is also necessarily measured and the absence of binocular vision defects is confirmed;
• Distance from eyes to lenses and objects in question. Correctly selected farsighted glasses provide clear visualization of objects located 32-35 centimeters from the face. In this case, the glasses should sit so that there is a gap of 12 millimeters between the cornea and the glasses;
• The need for constant or occasional wearing of glasses. The choice of the type of optical accessories directly depends on this moment, among which there are glasses "for near" and "for distance", as well as devices with multifocal lenses, which enable continuous use and clear vision at any distance. Such glasses are simply irreplaceable for people with myopia and farsightedness at the same time. As for age-related presbyopic disorders, usually a person has enough single-vision accessories for reading and hard work, which he will use as needed;
• The age and occupation of the patient. Obviously, the main criteria for choosing glasses for hyperopia in a child or an elderly person are convenience, reliability and safety, while image is very important for young people. But that's not all - there are professions that require clear vision at a certain distance, different from the typical 32-35 cm. For example, a musician needs to see notes when the music stand is 60 cm from his face, and the cook would like to cut food without bending over the cutting board. All these points should be taken into account by the doctor when selecting glasses for hyperopia.

When the recipe is in your hands, it remains to visit an optician salon and purchase a suitable accessory. But do not rush to go home - walk around in a little new clothes, listen to your feelings. If within 15-30 minutes there is no discomfort (burning, cramps, lacrimation, blurring, double vision), then the glasses are suitable for you.

For obvious reasons, we will not consider here such aspects as the brand of lenses or the type of frame - this is the lot of commercial organizations that sell optics. Let's just say that a good quality accessory is not necessarily expensive, and that if you have both myopia and hyperopia at the same time, it is more profitable to purchase one multifocal glasses than several separate “for near”, “for distance” and for working at a computer.

Should you wear glasses for hyperopia all the time?

It is definitely not worth starting to wear glasses without taking off immediately after you first purchased them. You need to give your eyes time to get used to the accessory, usually two weeks are enough for this. If after this period you are still uncomfortable wearing glasses, especially if their wearing is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, it is better to visit an ophthalmologist and tell about the problem. You may need to change the lens specifications or fit a different frame.

As for the very need for the constant wearing of glasses with hyperopia, it depends on the severity of the pathology and combination with other disorders. If a person simply has an age-related decrease in near vision acuity within 3 diopters, and at a long distance the visualization remains clear, he does not need to always wear glasses - it is enough to put them on as needed. If a patient has moderate to high degree of hyperopia, especially in an adult or an elderly person, this almost always means that he sees poorly both near and far, and therefore needs constant wearing of glasses.

If you see well up close, but at the same time, after 30-60 minutes of active use of vision, you feel the effect of "sand poured into your eyes", headache, photophobia, pressure in the forehead, brows and orbits (asthenopic syndrome), then your accommodation resource is at the limit, and you should choose glasses for hyperopia.

Optical correction is not a treatment for hyperopia, but if measures are taken on time, further deterioration of the visual apparatus is inhibited. This is why you shouldn't ignore your doctor's advice if he recommends you start wearing glasses. In addition, if you have already been diagnosed with visual impairment, you should regularly see an ophthalmologist to monitor the dynamics of changes and the selection of appropriate optical accessories. A sharp deterioration in well-being, the appearance of severe headaches, diplopia (double vision), a feeling of distention in the eyeballs should be the reason for immediate admission to the hospital in order to avoid serious complications (glaucoma, cataracts, blindness).

Video: How to choose glasses? Forms, frames, materials:

Does a child need glasses for hyperopia?

Early childhood is characterized by physiological hyperopia, since the baby's eyeballs have grown and are not fully formed - they are shorter in the direction of the anteroposterior axis compared to the same indicator in an adult.

Therefore, the focus of light rays is located a little further than necessary, but this phenomenon, firstly, is compensated by accommodation (a change in the curvature of the lens), and secondly, it is reversible: as soon as the eyes grow, the correct relationships between their internal structures are established.

For a one-year-old baby, farsightedness is considered normal in the range from +2.5 to +3 diopters, for a child of two years - from +2 to +2.5, for a three-year-old - from 1.5 to 2. By the age of four, most children already have one hundred percent vision.

A kind of borderline is the age of seven, when a child first goes to school. If, at the same time, he has an uncorrectable refractive error, the educational process will be significantly complicated, because such a first grader has poor close vision. Even if hyperopia is compensated by the efforts of accommodation, but this happens at the limit of possibilities, problems cannot be avoided: headaches, lacrimation and photophobia will appear, the child will begin to rub his tired eyes with dirty hands, simultaneously bringing in an infection there and provoking the development of complications - conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis.

Therefore, if a son or daughter complains of rapid vision fatigue, or you yourself notice the corresponding alarming symptoms while your child is still very young and cannot talk about his problem, be sure to contact a pediatric ophthalmologist. This is especially true for babies up to three years old with an average and high degree of hyperopia - if they are not prescribed glasses for hyperopia on time, squint may develop, and then amblyopia (lazy eye syndrome). In addition, a violation of the outflow of intraocular fluid threatens glaucoma. Dealing with such complications is very difficult.

Thus, if the doctor discovered farsightedness in your child and recommended wearing glasses, you need to listen to his advice and come to an appointment regularly to monitor the changes that are taking place and make adjustments to the treatment tactics in time. Surely, parents of children with hyperopia will be glad to know that most of these children no longer need optical vision correction in the lower grades of school, and sometimes even before entering it. This is due to the incredible ability of the child's body to grow and adapt to the conditions of the surrounding world.

How to choose the right glasses for a child with hyperopia?

Here are some important points to consider when choosing children's optics:

• Lenses are preferable to plastic, although they wear out relatively quickly, become covered with small scratches and become cloudy. But when it comes to accessories for a child, this is not so important, since you will likely have to change them often. It is much more important that the glasses do not break and injure the baby, therefore, it is better to refuse glass lenses;
• The frame should also be plastic, strong and durable enough, at the same time beautiful from the point of view of the child himself. As a rule, parents have much more difficulty in motivating their son or daughter to wear glasses than in choosing the right lenses. Therefore, be sure to take into account the opinion of the little patient when it comes to the appearance of accessories;
• The design of children's optics should be as stable as possible. It is unacceptable that the glasses fall off the face, beveled to the sides, dangled on the ears. At the same time, the bows should not dig into the temples and rub the skin, and the bridge should not leave a depressed mark on the nose. That is why it is so important to make careful measurements, carefully examine the frame, invite the child to walk a little with glasses, and only after making sure that he is comfortable, make a purchase. If you are worried that the baby may still drop glasses during active games, it is permissible to tie a loose elastic band to the temples and fix the accessory around the head, but it is always undesirable to do this - correctly selected glasses should sit securely themselves.

Video: ideal glasses for a child:

Age-related hyperopia: which glasses are better?

In the case of presbyopia, a person usually needs glasses in which it will be convenient for him to read, write and interact with nearby objects, because vision at a distance remains satisfactory. But this is not always the case. The fact is that age-related hyperopia after 40-45 years inevitably develops in all people, including absolutely healthy people, since accommodation resources are depleted.

The nucleus of the lens undergoes gradual hardening, which prevents the change in curvature and the return of the focus of light rays to the surface of the retina. In addition, the Zinn's ligament and the ciliary band - the lens controls - wear out. All this leads to the fact that after 40 years, even people with one hundred percent vision begin to see worse up close. Usually the deviation is within +3 diopters, and after 60 years, a further decrease in near vision acuity no longer occurs, because the lens is sclerosed, and the accommodation mechanism is completely lost.

With age-related hyperopia against the background of previous emmetropia (100% vision), a person needs monofocal glasses "for near", which he does not need to wear constantly, it is enough to simply use them as needed.

It is quite another matter if the patient has had myopia throughout his life. Nearsighted people encounter presbyopia a little later, at the age of 45-50. This situation turns into the fact that, due to the underlying disease, a person sees very poorly in the distance, and due to aging of the eyes, now he also sees poorly near. In such patients, relatively clear vision remains only at an intermediate, "average" distance.

With age-related hyperopia against the background of myopia, a person needs either two glasses - separately “for near” and “for distance” - or one bifocal glasses that will perform both necessary functions.

The situation with hypermetropes is the worst - they manifest presbyopia already after 35 years. And the older a person becomes, the more intensively the distance between the points of extreme clarity of near and far vision decreases. Thus, by about 50 years of age, the patient sees poorly all objects in general and needs constant wearing of glasses.

With age-related farsightedness against the background of hyperopia, glasses with trifocal or progressive lenses are best suited for a person.

Video: vision correction for presbyopia (hyperopia):

Bifocal and trifocal glasses

In the first case, the lens has two areas: the upper, larger and wider one, provides clear vision in the distance, and the lower one, smaller and narrower, is needed for good near visualization. That is why glasses are called bifocal. They have obvious drawbacks - firstly, there is no such area that would be suitable for considering medium-distance objects. Secondly, the difference in optical power between the upper and lower parts of the lens cannot exceed three diopters (often even two), since then the eyes will not be able to adapt to the sharp drop. Thirdly, the border between individual areas of the lenses is clearly visible, and this gives out age, hints at significant vision problems, visually enlarges the lower eyelids, creating the effect of "bags under the eyes".

In the second case, in the middle between the upper and lower optical zones, there is another one, designed specifically for clear vision at an average distance. This allows you to neutralize the first drawback, but does not cancel the rest. Many elderly people refuse to wear trifocal glasses for hyperopia, because using them is even more difficult than bifocals - the eyes take a long time to get used to, the picture “floats” when the gaze is suddenly shifted from the near to the distant object.

Progressive glasses

The most modern way to correct myopia and hyperopia at the same time is glasses with progressive lenses. They provide a gradual increase in dioptric power from top to bottom. There are no sharp transitions between separate zones, the accessory looks more aesthetically pleasing. If you learn how to use such glasses correctly, you can wear them constantly and see objects well at any distance.

To do this, you need to slowly move your eyes in a vertical direction, choosing an object and trying to see it as clearly as possible. For example, you can sit on the couch, look at the top of the lenses, and focus on the wall clock hanging on the opposite wall. Then look into the middle part of the lenses and through it examine the vase standing on the table in the center of the room. Then look at the bottom of the lenses and read the text from the book you are holding in your hands. By repeating such manipulations, you will gradually train your eyes to quickly focus on objects at different distances using the most suitable lens areas.

Progressive glasses for hyperopia also have disadvantages: firstly, they significantly narrow the field of view. To view an object located from the side, you will have to turn your head so that it hits the center of the lenses - you simply cannot squint your gaze. Secondly, not all people can get used to such devices, especially when it comes to an elderly person who has used monofocal or bifocal glasses for a long time. Thirdly, progressive lens products are the most expensive of all types of optics.

For older people, the main thing is convenience, and this criterion should be followed when choosing optical accessories. If it is easier for a person to have two pairs of glasses, separately for near and far vision, so be it than if he has only one, technically advanced glasses that he cannot use normally.

Eyeglass make-up for hyperopia

Since lenses with certain optical properties are installed in glasses, a woman's face in such an accessory can be completely transformed, and these changes will not always suit the owner. For example, “minus” lenses make the eyes visually smaller and narrower, and “plus” lenses, on the contrary, make the eyes larger and rounded. This significantly changes the proportions of the face. Let's figure out how to give harmony to your new look.

Let's start with general recommendations on the use of decorative cosmetics for those women who constantly wear glasses:

• If you have glasses in black or any other contrasting frames, avoid bright and dark eye makeup, especially in the style of smoky eyes - this will create an aesthetic conflict and look vulgar;
• For girls with glasses, it is better to use a color accent on the lips to balance the lower and upper parts of the face, especially in the case of complex, visible frames. Otherwise, the face will be "lost", people will first of all notice your glasses;
• Apply mascara from the root of the lashes in a zigzag motion. If you paint over the tips too much, the eyelashes will droop over time, begin to rest against the glasses of the glasses, and the mascara will crumble from them;
• Thoroughly mask under-eye circles and bags with concealer (if any), as glasses will highlight these imperfections, especially if you have plus or bifocal lenses. For the same reason, with hyperopia, you should not dye the lower eyelashes and apply dark shadows on the lower eyelids - you will look tired;
• Do not draw wide arrows if you have compact glasses with thin frames - this will bring dissonance to your image. With massive glasses with thick frames, it is better not to let your eyes down at all, but to use only shadows;
• The eyebrows are designed to blend in with the frame, therefore, they should not be too wide and bright in case you have elegant glasses. The shape of the eyebrows must also be correlated with the shape of the frame - for example, angular eyebrows will look strange in combination with rounded lenses, and vice versa;
• Use a light foundation and fix makeup with sheer powder. Remember that too thickly applied foundation will almost certainly imprint on the glasses and "float" in those places where they come into contact with the face.

If you are farsighted, glasses will visually enlarge your eyes and distort their proportions, making them unnaturally round and close-set. Therefore, do not abuse too bright makeup and paint your eyes in such a way as to visually stretch them to the temples and move them away from each other.

The optimal make-up option for glasses with hyperopia is applying light shadows to the inner corners of the eyes, and darker and more contrasting ones to the outer corners. Arrows can also help you get the job done, but they need to be matched correctly with the frame. It is best to just trace the eyes around the entire contour, this will help make them visually smaller.

Video: makeup with glasses - life hacks:

Storage and maintenance of glasses

Choosing glasses for hyperopia is not all, you need to learn how to use and store them correctly so that the accessory will serve you as long as possible, especially when it comes to expensive optics.

How to wear? Glasses cannot be worn on the head like a hair band - this leads to stretching of the temples and loosening of the screws at the attachment point. For the same reason, you should not remove the product from the face with one hand, making a "tearing" movement to the side. Very soon, the regularly damaged bow will fall off. It is necessary to remove glasses with two hands, carefully and confidently taking them by both arms - this is the only way to prevent them from falling. Do not wear glasses and like a necklace, hanging them on a chain on your chest for fear of losing. You can accidentally hit them on something and smash. If you need to adjust the glasses on the nose, do not rest your finger on the bridge, especially if the product has a painted frame. Otherwise, a stain will form in the most prominent place, and the accessory will look ugly. You need to adjust the glasses by taking them by the lens with two fingers, from above and below. This will also keep the bridge from loosening as a result of constant pressure on it.

How to store? The optical product should not come into contact with hard objects that could damage its structure and scratch the lenses. You need to put glasses on the table with the glasses up, store in the case in the same position. It should be tight, like a snap-on box, well suited in size (the product should not dangle in it). Soft cases are a bad idea, lenses will fidget all the time along their inner surface and collect microdamage. In any case, do not leave for a long time, let alone store your glasses in the bathroom or kitchen, where there is high humidity and there is a risk of ingress of corrosive liquids. High temperatures are especially destructive for plastic lenses - the optical functions of the product may be impaired. Any lenses "do not like" the effects of perfumes and deodorants, so you should smarten up without glasses.

How to clean? It is recommended to wipe the optics daily with a special soft microfiber cloth, which is best kept in the case with the glasses. Coarser cloth or paper towels are not suitable for this purpose - they will leave microscopic scratches on the lenses. Hyperopia glasses can be washed like any other similar devices, but only with the use of non-aggressive household chemicals, for example, liquid soap.

Glass lens care features

Glass lenses are more durable and scratch-resistant, but at the same time they are heavy and fragile - they can just break from falling. With high-grade hyperopia, very massive lenses are required, therefore, if they are glass, the total weight of the product will be impressive, and such glasses will have to be worn carefully. It is very easy to care for optics with glass lenses - you need to wash and wipe them with microfiber, but remember that if a special polymer coating is applied to the glass, for example, to protect it from ultraviolet radiation, such an accessory cannot be treated with fat-dissolving compounds, such as vinegar or dishwashing detergent. windows and mirrors.

Features of plastic lens care

Plastic lenses have many advantages: they are inexpensive, lightweight, durable and comfortable. But at the same time they wear out very quickly, are covered with small scratches and stains. The main thing in the care of glasses with plastic lenses is caution and delicacy. They can only be wiped with microfiber, they should be stored in a hard case, washed with shampoo or liquid soap, and with extremely cool water, never hot!

In conclusion, I would like to say that high-quality and correctly selected farsighted glasses will serve you for at least three years if you provide them with good care. Lenses may need to be replaced earlier than this due to damage or simply because vision has changed and the optics are no longer suitable for you. In any case, the frame must withstand at least three years of use. Take care of your eyes, and be healthy!

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The author of the article: Degtyareva Marina Vitalievna, ophthalmologist, ophthalmologist