Forms Of Psychosis: Hallucinatory-delusional, Involutional, Circular, Hysterical And Schizophrenic Psychoses

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Forms of psychosis

Psychosis is not only nervous, but also functional disorders of the brain. As a result of psychoses, the perception of both the environment and objective reality changes. The behavior inherent in a person outside of psychosis is representatively different in disorders of his mental reactions.

A consistent assessment of oneself in the world and the world as such eludes the patient, while, based on the nature and depth of the disease, in some cases, the components of the surrounding reality are only partially distorted, in other, pathological cases, the very objective awareness of reality and what is happening changes. This perception is characterized by an imaginary distortion of reality. Introducing illusory olfactory, sound, visual, gustatory hallucinations into it. The following forms of psychosis are distinguished:

Content:

• Hallucinatory delusional psychoses
• Involutional psychoses
• Circular psychoses
• Affective psychosis
• Hysterical psychoses
• Schizophrenic psychosis

Hallucinatory delusional psychoses

Clouding or turbidity of consciousness in the current case often manifests itself in two forms: hallucinatory and paranoid. Hallucinatory-delusional psychoses are more likely to affect men, and they occur as a result of craniocerebral trauma of moderate severity or severe. Often, many years pass from the moment of injury, this can explain the average age of patients - forty years or more.

The development of such a psychosis occurs in an acute form, usually turning into a chronic one. The onset is characterized by various types of clouding of consciousness with bouts of delirium and verbal hallucinations. Subsequently, hallucinatory delusions with verbal hallucinosis syndrome take the leading roles in the attacks.

In a paroxysmal form, the course of the disease also passes, followed by periodic reductions and a reduction in hallucinosis, due to which the attacks are shortened. Sometimes paranoiac disorders are present in reducing seizures, but in most cases psychosis stops at the hallucinatory stage.

Involutional psychoses

They arise during the involutionary period and are characterized by involutionary depression, hysteria and other factors. This type of psychosis is characterized by the advanced age of the patient. Psychosis in men develops in the period of 45-60 years, in women in 45-55 years. Some psychiatrists attribute involutional psychoses to schizophrenia or phases of manic-depressive psychosis. The causes of occurrence can be endocrine dysfunctions, somatic diseases, as well as all kinds of traumatic circumstances.

Symptoms are expressed in a strong decline in mood, pronounced delirium, a change in night and day modes of activity, an increasing feeling of anxiety, and subsequently - panic and physical exhaustion. The disease is difficult and can be fatal.

Circular psychoses

Manic-depressive or circular psychosis takes place in three phases, and, depending on the case, one or two of them may be present. The first phase is a healthy state, the second is depressive, and the manic is the third. These three phases are constantly replacing one another, incessantly alternating, as a result of which psychosis is called circular.

In the depressive and manic phases, the patient has behavioral disturbances and emotional distress. Each phase varies in different time intervals and can last from six months to one and a half years. Enlightenment can also be observed, in which the patient's condition improves markedly. They can last for months and years. The severity of the course of the disease changes from mild to very severe.

Affective psychosis

This form is similar to circular psychosis in the manifestation of manic and depressive phases, or their combination. Includes only affective phases of varying duration and depth. Depressive psychoses, as a rule, are longer than manic ones, their duration on average from four to nine months. Manic psychoses last about five to six months. The minimum duration of affective phases is 1-2 weeks, while the maximum can last up to several years.

Hysterical psychoses

They usually arise as a result of severe mental trauma. Their appearance is significantly influenced by a personal predisposition to react in a hysterical manner to certain situations. The most common manifestations are Ganser's syndrome, in which disorientation, twilight clouding of consciousness is observed; puerilism, expressed by childish behavior; hysterical stupor; pseudodementia, characterized by feigned dementia; savagery, accompanied by the loss of social skills of human behavior. Most often, hysterical psychosis can be found in forensic medical practice.

Schizophrenic psychosis

It is expressed in a serious personality disorder, distortion of thinking, autism, impaired perception, delirium. At the same time, the intellectual abilities, as well as the consciousness of the patient, do not change. But consciousness itself misses the effectively important details, replacing them with non-existent images. This type of psychosis is characterized by strong hallucinations, especially auditory, as well as an unstable mood, often turning into absurd behavior.

Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".