Diet For Gastroduodenitis, Menu - What Can You Eat And What Not?

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Diet for gastroduodenitis

The use of a special diet is an obligatory component of the treatment regimen for acute and chronic gastroduodenitis. With this disease, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum 12 occurs, therefore the main goal of the diet is to create a sparing diet, excluding irritating factors from the menu.

The principles of all types of diet for gastroduodenitis:

• Exclusion of long-term digestible foods from the diet;
• Serving food boiled or mashed;
• Serving food warm, refusing to use excessively hot and cold foods;
• Six meals a day at a strictly defined time;
• Limiting salt intake;
• Refusal from fatty, fried, smoked, pickled products, from spices and herbs, from alcohol and canned products.

The type of diet used in the treatment of different types of gastroduodenitis depends on the acidity of the gastric juice, on the form and stage of the disease.

Content:

• Indications for choosing a diet
• How to eat with exacerbations of gastroduodenitis
• Diet # 1 - allowed and prohibited foods
• Diet number 2 - allowed and prohibited foods
• Pros and cons of a diet for gastroduodenitis

Indications for choosing a diet

With various forms of the disease, diet No. 1 with its varieties, or diet No. 2, should be used. During the recovery period, after the relief of the main symptoms, diet No. 15 is prescribed.

The choice of the power supply system - basic indications:

• Diet No. 1 - used during the treatment of gastroduodenitis in remission and exacerbation against the background of increased or normal acidity of gastric juice;
• Diet No. 1a - used in the stage of exacerbation of the disease with high acidity;
• Diet No. 1b - applied after the previous diet;
• Diet No. 2 - used during the treatment of gastroduodenitis in remission and exacerbation against the background of low acidity of gastric juice.

Diet No. 15 practically does not differ from the diet of an ordinary person leading a healthy lifestyle, except that it retains fractional meals in small portions. In addition, it is practiced to refuse snacks on the go, from fried, smoked and canned foods, spices and alcohol. The food used in this diet should be warm, or at "room" temperature.

How to eat with exacerbations of gastroduodenitis

On the first day of exacerbation of the disease, the patient should only drink, it is not recommended to eat food. You can drink unsweetened tea or boiled water. After 2-3 days from the onset of exacerbation with normal or increased acidity of gastric juice, they switch to diet No. 1A.

The main provisions of the diet number 1A:

• The daily calorie content is 1800 kcal, it is achieved by reducing the proportion of carbohydrates in the diet;
• Products are boiled or steamed, served in a homogenized form (mashed, in the form of gruel), at room temperature;
• Salt intake is minimal;
• The food is fractional;
• Products that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and irritate the intestinal and gastric mucosa are not allowed;
• You need to drink at least one and a half liters of liquid per day.

In order for the regeneration of the mucous membrane to occur in an accelerated mode, on the 6-8th day from the onset of the disease, they switch to the next diet.

The main provisions of the diet number 1B:

• The food is fractional;
• The food is steamed;
• The amount of carbohydrates in the diet is reduced, proteins and fats are in an optimal ratio;

• You can not eat foods of a dense structure and dishes that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice;
• Hot and cold dishes are prohibited, the amount of salt is limited;
• Soups are prepared in a slimy broth.

The duration of stay on a sparing diet depends on the type of gastroduodenitis. With superficial gastritis, this period can be shortened, and with erosive duodenitis, on the contrary, extended until ulcers and erosions on the mucous membrane heal.

When the patient's condition improves, it is the turn of diet number 1, following its rules:

• Cooking method - boiling, baking without crust, stewing;
• Chopping and wiping food is optional;
• Portions remain small, meals are fractional;
• There is no need to limit salt significantly;
• The use of raw berries and fruits is not recommended;
• Vegetable juices are allowed on the menu.

With the improvement of the patient's condition, the volume of portions increases, the restrictions are gradually removed, there is a transition to diet No. 15.

With low acidity of gastric juice, diet No. 2 is used, the purpose of which is to normalize the gastrointestinal tract peristalsis, stimulate the secretory function.

The main provisions of the diet number 2:

• Daily calorie content - 3000 kcal;
• Diet - 4-5 times a day;
• You can't overeat;
• Cooking mode - boiling, baking and frying without a crust, stewing;
• The last meal should be completed 2 hours before bedtime.
• Increasing the proportion of foods high in fiber and connective tissue.

Qualitatively, a diet with low acidity is physiologically complete - strong broths, vegetables and fruits, all types of oils, various sauces are allowed.

Diet # 1 - allowed and prohibited foods

The range of permitted foods in this diet and its variants is varied enough to provide a complete menu for a week or more.

Allowed Products:

• Semi-liquid semolina, rice, oatmeal, buckwheat cereals, boiled in water or milk
• Flour products - lean buns, dried wheat bread, pastries stuffed with eggs, fish, rice, apples;
• Boiled pasta;
• Vegetable soups seasoned with cereals, chicken, potatoes, carrots;
• Baked or boiled beef, lamb, chicken, turkey dumplings, cutlets, rabbit meat;
• Fermented milk products - kefir, yogurt, sour cream, cream and milk, curd puddings and soufflés;
• Boiled or steamed vegetables - zucchini, pumpkin, carrots, potatoes, cauliflower, salads and vinaigrettes from them;
• Up to 100 g per day of fresh tomatoes;
• Lightly brewed tea, fruit and berry juices with low acidity;
• Soft-boiled eggs or steamed omelet;
• Still alkaline mineral water - Smirnovskaya, Essentuki - 17, Korneshtskaya, Jermuk.

Prohibited Products:

• Sweet pastries;
• Strong rich broths;
• Mushrooms in any form;
• Pearl barley, corn porridge and millet as a side dish;
• Oily fish or meat;
• Fried eggs and hard boiled eggs;
• High-fiber vegetables - turnip, radish, radish, red and white cabbage, bell pepper;
• Sour fruit or berry juices or fruits;
• Coffee, cocoa, chocolate;
• Carbonated drinks, kvass;
• Pickled, pickled and canned foods;
• Spices and condiments.

Alcohol is strictly prohibited, and the use of fresh spicy herbs is limited. All of these prohibitions are aimed at limiting the secretion of gastric juice.

Diet number 2 - allowed and prohibited foods

The menu with this diet is more varied, and the restrictions are not so voluminous, but still they cannot be ignored.

Allowed Products:

• Rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, cooked in vegetable broth or in water;
• Boiled durum wheat pasta;
• Soups cooked in weak meat or vegetable broth, seasoned with cereals, noodles, meatballs from dietary meat;
• Boiled, baked or fried without a crust lean lamb, turkey, rabbit, chicken, lean pork;
• Products from minced lean meat prepared by boiling;
• Braised or boiled lean fish;
• Stewed, boiled, baked vegetables that do not contain coarse fiber, salads and vinaigrette thereof;
• Ripe tomatoes;
• Spicy fresh herbs;
• Eggs, cooked soft-boiled, in the form of a steamed omelet, or in the form of fried eggs without a crust;
• Low acidity fruit and berry juices;
• Mineral water with a high sodium chloride content - Narzan, Kuyalnik, Mirgorodskaya, Minskaya.

Prohibited Products:

• Millet, semolina, pearl barley and barley groats;
• Fresh baked goods;
• Fatty meat and fish;
• Legume dishes;
• Mushrooms in any form;
• High fiber vegetables
• Strong coffee, tea;
• Cocoa and chocolate;
• Mayonnaise and other fatty sauces;
• Pork lard, bacon;
• Smoked products, canned food.

Acceptable desserts are biscuits, marshmallows, non-acidic jam, honey. Wine, vodka, beer, cognac are not allowed.

Pros and cons of a diet for gastroduodenitis

Like every system, the diet has its positive and negative sides.

Diet Pros:

• The activity of the digestive tract is normalized, pain, heartburn, negative symptoms are relieved;
• The mucous membrane is in a gentle mode, nothing irritates it;
• Products can be purchased all year round;
• The diet is not too expensive, it is available to everyone (on average, it costs up to 1,500 rubles per week).

Minuses:

• Preparation of dietary meals requires qualifications, knowledge of the basics of cooking;
• Diet No. 1A and No. 1B require restriction of physical activity, stay in bed or semi-bed rest.

A quick recovery from gastroduodenitis is impossible without following the principles of dietary nutrition.

The author of the article: Gorshenina Elena Ivanovna | Gastroenterologist

Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" received at the Russian State Medical University named after N. I. Pirogova (2005). Postgraduate studies in the specialty "Gastroenterology" - educational and scientific medical center.