Infiltration - Causes And Symptoms Of Infiltration, Diagnosis And Treatment

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Infiltrate

Causes and symptoms of infiltration

Related articles: [hide]

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

What is infiltration?

An infiltrate is a seal formed in a tissue area or an organ (liver, muscle, subcutaneous tissue, lung), the occurrence of which is due to the accumulation of elements of cells, blood, lymph. There are several forms of infiltration. The inflammatory form is formed as a result of the rapid multiplication of tissue cells and is accompanied by the appearance of a significant number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, blood and lymph, which sweat from blood vessels.

Tumor infiltration is made up of cells characteristic of different types of tumors (cancer, fibroids, sarcoma). Its manifestation is infiltrated tumor growth. With such a formation, there is a change in the volume of tissue, a change in color, its density and soreness increase. The surgical form of the infiltrate is a seal that occurs in the tissues when artificially saturated with an anesthetic, antibiotic, alcohol, and so on.

Causes of infiltration

The reasons for the occurrence of inflammatory infiltrates constitute a group with diverse etiological factors. Studies have identified 37% of patients with a traumatic source as the cause of the disease, 23% had an odontogenic infection, in the rest of the patients, an inflammatory infiltrate developed as a result of various infectious processes. This form of the inflammatory process occurs with the same probability in any age category.

Infiltrates of the inflammatory form are often observed in the tissues of the peri-maxillary location, in particular, in children with pulpitis and periodontitis, which can be confused with reactive processes. Diseases of periadenitis and serous periostitis are also a type of inflammatory infiltrate. To accurately assess the patient's condition, it is required to recognize the non-purulent stage of the process. The group of odontogenic inflammations is inflammatory in nature, affecting the jaw bones, tissues adjacent to the jaw, regional lymph nodes.

The causative agents of odontogenic inflammation are agents that represent the microflora of the oral cavity (staphylococci, candida, streptococci, and others). Along with them, the reason for the development of a negative process is the resistance of microorganisms, which is determined by specific and nonspecific protective factors, the reactivity of the organism of an immunological nature. Inflammatory infiltration manifests itself in contact type infection and in the lymphogenous pathway of its spread with subsequent tissue infiltration.

The cause of the infiltration may lie in the complicated state of acute appendicitis. This is an inflammatory type of tumor, in its center there is a worm-shaped process and an inflamed condition that occurs in the absence of timely surgical treatment. A kind of infiltration can be post-injection. It represents a local type of inflammation that develops in the place where the intramuscular injection was carried out, that is, its cause is improper medical manipulation, violated standards of sanitary rules.

Infiltration symptoms

The development of an inflammatory infiltrate takes several days. The patient's temperature during this period may be normal or be of a subfebrile nature (slightly elevated temperature, which does not normalize for a long time). In the affected area, swelling and tissue compaction appear with a clearly visible contour, the area of distribution of which is distributed over one anatomical region or several. Palpation of the affected area can cause severe or mild pain.

It is not possible to determine the presence of fluid (fluctuation for pus, blood) in the formed cavity. The skin of the lesion is slightly tense, has a red color or slight hyperemia. In this area, all soft tissues are affected - skin, mucous, subcutaneous fat and muscle tissues, several fascia with retraction of lymph nodes into the process of infiltration. Infiltrates with traumatic genesis have a localization zone in the buccal, maxillofacial region and the oral cavity.

Infiltrate, which is based on the complication of acute appendicitis, develops up to 3 days from the onset of the disease. The inflammatory process is formed in the lower abdomen on the right side. Its symptoms are a persistent aching nature, a low temperature up to 37.5 ° C, there is a likelihood of a reverse development of the process, with abscess formation, the temperature rises to 39 ° C, which is accompanied by chills, an abscess is formed and recovery is possible only after the intervention of a surgeon.

Diagnosis of infiltration

Inflammatory infiltration is diagnosed using a differential approach, which takes into account the factors of the cause and conditions under which the disease arose, as well as the factor of its duration. The accuracy of the diagnosis is confirmed by the following signs: normal or subfebrile body temperature, clear contours of the infiltrate, sharp pain during palpation, absence of pus in the closed cavity of the inflamed tissue.

Weakly expressed distinctive symptoms are: the absence of solid intoxication, slight hyperemia of the skin without detecting tension and the glossy effect of the skin. The diagnosis of purulent-type foci, the localization of which is located in the space delimited by a group of muscles from the outside, complicates the diagnosis. In such cases, the build-up of signs of inflammation determines the prognosis of the disease. In doubtful cases, the diagnosis is made based on the results of a puncture from the inflammatory focus.

Studying the histological structure of the material obtained from the infiltrate, that is, by conducting the morphological variant of the biopsy study, it is possible to find cells typical for the proliferative inflammatory phase in the complete absence or a small number of leukocytes of the segmented neutrophilic type. This indicator is typical for non-purulent inflammation. In infiltrates, as a rule, yeast and filamentous fungi are found in large clusters. This indicates the presence of dysbiosis.

The appendicular infiltrate is determined upon examination by a physician. As a rule, special diagnostic methods are not used. In cases of suspicion of abscess formation, an ultrasound examination is performed. This method clearly shows the structure of the infiltrate and reveals cystic formations with a clear presence of capsules containing a heterogeneous fluid, which will be an indicator of the accumulation of purulent exudate.

Infiltration treatment

Inflammatory infiltration is treated with conservative methods that combine anti-inflammatory therapy and physiotherapeutic agents (laser irradiation, dressings using Vishnevsky ointment and alcohol). Suppuration of the infiltrate entails the appearance of phlegmon, then surgical treatment cannot be avoided. Physiotherapy fulfills the main goal - the sanitation of infectious foci to eliminate inflammatory processes.

If there are no purulent manifestations in the infiltration or they have a low quantitative content without bright fluctuations and general reaction, physiotherapeutic methods perform resorption of the infiltrate (anti-inflammatory method), reduce swelling (anti-inflammatory method), relieve pain syndrome (analgesic method). Anti-inflammatory therapy is prescribed with a dense infiltrate without purulent fusion to increase blood flow in the local area, eliminate the phenomena of stagnation.

When using it, the intensity of the effect is important, but in the presence of purulent microflora, a high-intensity technique will provoke a purulent inflammatory form. Other methods with a thermal effect are prescribed in the absence of provocation on their part, preferably on the fourth day after UHF therapy or SUV irradiation. Electrophoresis of antibiotics plays an antibacterial role, and calcium electrophoresis is prescribed to delimit the focus of inflammation.

It is possible to treat appendicular infiltration only in a stationary clinic setting. It includes therapy with antibacterial drugs, adherence to diet and limitation of physical exertion. Within 14 days, the inflammatory process is absorbed and recovery occurs. In order to prevent such attacks, after 90 days, an operation is recommended, as a result of which the appendix is removed.

Abscess formation of the infiltrate (the formation of a cavity around the appendix filled with pus) requires an operation to open the abscess, the appendix in this case remains. Final recovery will come after the removal of the appendix six months after the abscess was opened.

Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".