Cyst In A Newborn - Types, Causes And Symptoms Of Cysts In Newborns

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Types, causes and symptoms of cysts in newborns

Content:

• Brain cyst in newborns
• Subependymal cyst in a newborn
• Choroid plexus cysts in a newborn
• Ovarian cyst in newborns
• Arachnoid cyst in newborns
• Periventricular cyst in a newborn
• Cyst of the spermatic cord in newborns
• Choroidal cyst in a newborn
• Kidney cyst in a newborn
• Cyst under the tongue of a newborn

A cyst in a newborn is a common benign formation. It is a fluid-filled cavity in an organ. By the end of pregnancy, a similar phenomenon in the fetus usually resolves without outside interference. The reasons for the appearance of cysts are different. Most often, cysts are the result of the fact that the metabolism has not yet been established in newborns.

Symptoms of a neonatal cyst depend on the type of tumor. Its location, size and accompanying complications matter. Neoplasms differ in malignancy, the presence of suppuration and inflammation. Newborn cysts have the following symptoms:

• Disorder of coordination of movements and delayed reactions.
• Decrease in sensitivity of the limbs, up to its complete loss (for a certain period of time, a handle, a leg is taken away).
• Visual impairment and deterioration.
• Headaches with a sharp character.
• Sleep disturbances.

A cyst in an infant is detected by ultrasound. This is the first time this diagnostic method is used immediately after birth. In the process of treating the child, you need to take an ultrasound scan every month. This will provide an opportunity to monitor changes in education.

Brain cyst in newborns

A brain cyst in newborns is a fluid-filled bubble in an organ unusual for a normal body. The brain of a newborn is sometimes affected by one or more cysts. Their presence is diagnosed even before birth. In most cases (90% out of 100), this cyst will disappear on its own. It is more difficult to treat masses that are diagnosed after birth. This is evidence of such a negative factor as infection during pregnancy or directly during childbirth.

Treatment should be started immediately. It is generally accepted that the cyst will heal on its own, but this is just a probability. It is necessary to minimize the risk and eliminate the source of possible severe headaches and developmental disorders of the brain. Usually, parents are encouraged to start treatment right away, and should not be abandoned. Cysts, which reach large sizes, are especially dangerous. In such cases, their position can change, and the nearby tissues are compressed because of this, and the brain begins to suffer from mechanical stress.

The danger of disease progression should not be allowed. This can lead to a stroke, which is called hemorrhagic. Promptness in diagnosis and treatment is the guarantee of the baby's future health.

Subependymal cyst in a newborn

A subependymal cyst in a newborn usually indicates intrauterine infection. The danger of a cyst is determined by its type. If a subependymal cyst is diagnosed in newborns, it is considered a pathology. It usually occurs due to a lack of oxygen or as a result of a minor hemorrhage in a part of the brain called the ventricle. If oxygen starvation has taken place, tissues begin to die off. They are replaced by a cavity that fills with fluid - a cyst.

In most cases, these cysts disappear on their own in infants. This takes some time. They do not pose any danger to the child's brain and its development. If the presence of a subependymal cyst is established, the child is immediately monitored, ultrasound is performed regularly, and its development is monitored. This helps prevent possible complications.

With the growth of the cyst, the pressure of the fluid in it simultaneously increases. The tissue should not be squeezed. This can lead to deformities of the brain, in particular, due to a change in the position of the formation. As a result, the child's health deteriorates to a critical level.

Choroid plexus cysts in a newborn

Choroid plexus cysts in a newborn are an easily curable and common disease. It is the vascular plexuses that are primarily formed in the head of the human embryo. They are found already in the sixth week of pregnancy, when the fetus is monitored using ultrasound. With the participation of the choroid plexuses, a special cerebral fluid is produced - cerebrospinal fluid. It serves as the basis for the correct development of the cells of the future spinal cord and brain.

Why is such a cyst dangerous? Choroid plexus of the most complex nature is formed in the unborn child in the amount of two pieces. Their presence indicates that the brain is developing normally. There are no nerve cells in the choroid plexuses. But it is in them that a liquid is formed that feeds the nerve cells at the initial stages of embryonic development.

This type of cyst has its own characteristics. Drops of cerebral fluid fall into a kind of trap, being located in the choroid plexus. As a result, vascular cysts appear. CSF is contained in these cavities. Cysts form in the right and left choroid plexus and are easily detected by ultrasound. There are also bilateral formations. The emergence of such an education indicates that the pregnancy is abnormal, but this does not mean that the child will be born sick.

Ovarian cyst in newborns

Ovarian cyst in newborns occurs with certain concomitant factors. With the destruction of the environment and for some other reasons, for example, due to infections or bad habits of the mother, unwanted formations may appear in girls immediately after birth. Medical statistics confirm that such cases are becoming more and more. Cysts in the internal genital organs of girls appear even at a very early age, and sometimes in fetuses. Such cysts are easy to identify during a routine ultrasound scan. According to statistics, they are formed no earlier than 24 weeks of gestation.

Why do newborn girls get an ovarian cyst? Heredity is very important. This is one of the most significant factors affecting the appearance of neoplasms on the ovaries. Sometimes the reasons are different, but they are all related to the health of the mother:

• complications during pregnancy,
• gestosis,
• unfavorable maternal history,
• viral infections
• hormone courses,
• previous abortions,
• salpingo-oophoritis, oncological diseases.

In newborns, there are several types of ovarian cysts:

1. Uniform one-sided education, with clear contours;
2. Cystic form of formation with internal septa;
3. A cyst with a dense component.

The first type is more common than others.

Arachnoid cyst in newborns

An arachnoid cyst in newborns occurs in the brain. This is an anomaly that is rare. According to statistics, it is diagnosed in only 3% of the examined newborns. This is the name of an intracranial formation with a thin shell. The cyst is located in the space between the brain and the arachnoid membrane. The outer membrane of such a cyst is tightly adjacent to the hard walls of the brain, and the inner membrane is in contact with the soft membranes.

There are two types of arachnoid cysts: primary and secondary. Primary are congenital formations. Secondary ones arise as a consequence of the inflammatory process or surgery, when another cyst was removed. Diagnosis of a primary arachnoid cyst can be carried out even during pregnancy, at a later date. It is also easily detected in the first hours of a newborn's life.

According to statistics, such cysts are more often formed in boys. Symptoms are usually as follows:

• Headache attacks.
• Mental disorders.
• Vomiting.
• Nausea.
• Convulsions.
• Hallucinations.

The forecast is positive. This disease does not affect the further development of the newborn.

Periventricular cyst in a newborn

A periventricular cyst in a newborn affects the white matter of the brain. It often causes paralysis in newborns. The pathogenesis of this disease is manifested through foci of necrosis in the periventicular areas of the white matter of the brain. This is one of the varieties of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Cyst treatment is carried out comprehensively. It is quite complex, and is based on a combination of drug therapy with surgical intervention. Periventricular cysts are difficult to heal on their own. They appear for various reasons:

• hereditary pathologies,
• fetal anomalies,
• infectious lesions
• complications during pregnancy.

Such cysts most often occur in the perinatal period.

Cyst of the spermatic cord in newborns

The cyst of the spermatic cord in newborns is a small volume of fluid enclosed in a vesicle. It usually forms in the membranes of the spermatic cord. The environment favorable for the cyst is located in the area of the unsealed vaginal process of the peritoneum. The spermatic cord cyst has much in common with a disease such as dropsy of the testicular membranes (hydrocele). Diseases have a similar origin and treatment methods. The cyst of the spermatic cord has the ability to grow, increasing in volume. This is typical for an acute cyst. If untreated, it develops into an inguinal hernia.

There are situations when such a cyst communicates with the abdominal organs. In this case, its size depends on the daily physiological cycle, and the fluid flows from the abdominal organs into the cyst cavity and back. The process promotes the transformation of the cyst into a hernia of the inguinal or inguinal-scrotal region. There are factors leading to the disappearance of communication with the abdominal cavity. This is often due to a blockage of the cavity from the inside, injury or inflammation. As a result, the cyst of the spermatic cord becomes threatening due to the risk of rupture.

This disease is most often treated with surgery. In infants under one year old, a testicular cyst or spermatic cord sometimes resolves on its own. For children of the younger age group with a cyst of the spermatic cord, stable supervision of the surgeon is organized. It is conducted until the age of 1-2 years. Surgical treatment is performed if the patient has reached 1.5 - 2 years of age, and the cyst has not resolved.

Choroidal cyst in a newborn

Choroidal cyst in a newborn is a disease that affects the choroidal plexus of the brain. Causes: intrauterine infection or trauma during pregnancy or during childbirth. This type of cyst is removed only by one method - surgical. Such education dissolves with difficulty, the percentage of such cases does not exceed 45%.

The choroidal cyst of a newborn is easily recognized by symptoms. The child suffers from convulsive reactions, twitching. He constantly finds himself in a sleepy state, then on the contrary - all the time it seems restless. The body cannot function normally. The baby has impaired coordination of movements. It is not difficult to diagnose a choroidal cyst in a newborn. At the first ultrasound examination, it turns out that the fontanelle cannot close, although it should already be on time. The method of treatment is rather complicated - surgical methods and drug therapy are used.

Kidney cyst in a newborn

A cyst on the kidney in a newborn has almost no effect on the activity of the organ. Ultrasound is the best way to accurately diagnose such a formation. It is also very important to identify the peculiarities of the blood supply of the cyst that has arisen.

Newborns can suffer from several types of kidney cysts. Most often, formations are one-sided. However, when a cortical cyst is found on one of the kidneys, it can be assumed that the tumor, most likely, has arisen in the second. This disease is diagnosed not only by ultrasound, but also by duplex scanning. With its help, it is revealed whether the tumor is malignant.

The following types of renal cysts are diagnosed in newborns:

• Simple, cortical. In many ways, this disease proceeds in the same way as in adults.
• Polycystic disease - it is laid during the tenth week of intrauterine development if the renal tubules are blocked. Instead of healthy kidney tissue, a cyst forms. The consequences of the disease are completely impaired blood circulation, blockage of the ureter. There are frequent cases when the defeat of the kidney by polycystic disease by ultrasound is not detected. The prognosis is favorable only if the second kidney is developing normally.
• Nephroma multiforme is a malignant tumor, which most often affects boys under the age of five.

Treatment of kidney cysts in newborns is usually medication. Therapy is carried out with a noticeable increase in the benign cyst in size.

Cyst under the tongue of a newborn

A cyst under the tongue in a newborn appears due to the peculiarities of the development of the thyroid duct. Occurs quite often. The condition of the newborn and the nature of the clinical picture depend on the size of the tumor. If the mass is large, it will interfere with food intake and proper breathing and will have to be removed. A sublingual cyst develops under the mucous membrane in the mouth. The frenum of the tongue is on the side of it. The large size can lead to an attack of asphyxiation upon pressure. The cyst has a soft elastic consistency. The shell is translucent, the body seems slightly bluish.

As a rule, such formation dissolves on its own in the first months after birth. Treatment is required only if self-healing has not occurred. Usually they resort to drug therapy. Dissection is carried out only in children from primary school age.

When a cyst appears under the tongue, you need to contact a dentist-surgeon, a specialist in the children's department. Depending on the complexity of the disease, conclusions are drawn about the urgency of the intervention.

The author of the article: Sokolova Praskovya Fedorovna | Pediatrician

Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" received at the Volgograd State Medical University. A specialist certificate was immediately received in 2014.