Coccyx Cyst - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment And Removal (excision) Of The Coccyx Cyst

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Coccyx cyst symptoms, treatment and removal

Content:

• Coccyx cyst symptoms
• Causes of the coccyx cyst
• Consequences of a coccyx cyst
• Coccyx dermoid cyst
• Coccyx cyst removal surgery

The coccyx cyst is a congenital disease predetermined by the peculiarities of human embryonic development, in which a cavity lined with epithelium forms in the upper segment of the intergluteal fold under the skin.

Otherwise, this disease is called a coccyx fistula, epithelial coccygeal passage or pilonidal sinus.

There is a coccyx cyst mainly in men under 30 years of age, although cases of detection of the disease in women have been recorded. For a long time it may not appear, its presence can be determined visually if you find a small hole in the gluteal line, at a point 7-10 cm from the anus.

Sometimes the move is deep, it can resemble a small funnel.

Coccyx cyst symptoms

The appearance of neoplasms in the coccyx area is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• a foreign object is felt in the intergluteal fold, causing discomfort when moving;
• in the coccyx area, the skin turns red and swells, inflammation can be of any size, even overstep the gluteal line to the right or left;
• a hole appears between the buttocks, from where a small infiltration or pus occurs;
• during the period of exacerbation, secondary openings may appear next to the first, which serve as exit channels for the coccyx cyst. If such a move is active, secretions ooze from it, passive holes are healed;
• body temperature rises;
• pain syndrome occurs when sitting.

Causes of the coccyx cyst

Coccyx fistula is associated with a defect in the development of the tail of the embryo. It consists in the presence of a canal lined with epithelium under the intergluteal fold. In most cases, this condition does not manifest itself in any way, only under special circumstances can inflammation begin.

According to experts, the coccygeal cyst is caused by abundant hair in this area, which, with a deep fold between the buttocks, contributes to improper hair growth and their immersion in the skin, which causes the disease.

In addition, there are some factors that can trigger the manifestation of a cyst. Among them are noted:

• blocked pores, follicles;
• passive lifestyle;
• heredity;
• various infectious diseases;
• decreased immunity;
• hypothermia;
• mechanical injury.

Consequences of a coccyx cyst

The tailbone fistula looks like a narrow tube that opens on the skin through one or more holes. Under certain conditions (trauma, infections, hypothermia), an inflammatory process develops.

Inflammation of the tailbone cyst provokes purulent discharge, which expands and subsequently destroys the course. The surrounding tissues suffer, an abscess is formed, which bursting outward, leads to the appearance of a new hole.

Infection can enter the canal. In this case, there is an exacerbation of inflammation of the coccyx cyst, accompanied by pain, high fever, edema and redness of the skin.

The result of an unfinished treatment process or mistakes made in the eradication of the epithelial coccygeal passage may result in the following complications:

• the appearance of a secondary and, as a rule, multiple fistula;
• recurrent abscess;
• purulent inflammation (phlegmon).

Coccyx dermoid cyst

The coccyx dermoid is a benign formation that forms when the elements of the germ layers are displaced under the skin layer, which includes hair follicles, parts of the ectoderm, sebaceous glands and pigment cells.

The sacrococcygeal dermoid in the process of growth leads to a deviation of the coccyx and the occurrence of symptoms that are very similar to those of a coccyx cyst.

Previously, both of these diseases were considered identical and treated in the same way. Now they were differentiated, although there are no big differences in the diagnosis, but the etymological features of these formations are different. The main difference is that with the coccygeal course there is a primary opening in the fold between the buttocks, occasionally veiled by extensive suppuration. A tumor formation with a dermoid cyst of the coccyx, even with acute suppuration, has a clear capsule. True, it can break through with advanced cases of the disease, in this case only the primary opening of the coccyx cyst is the difference.

The dermoid cyst of the coccyx is localized in the middle part of the intergluteal line with the transition into the subcutaneous tissue of the coccyx. Often accompanied by an opening in the form of an epithelial passage (fistula). Through it, the constant release of the contents of the formation is ensured, blockage of the canal is fraught with infection and inflammation.

A dermoid cyst of the coccyx in an uncomplicated form can develop asymptomatically for years, occasionally manifesting itself as pain after long sitting work. The provocateur of clinical manifestations is suppuration, which leads to an increase in temperature, the appearance of pulsating pains, difficulty in such actions as bending, squatting and the usual sitting position.

The coccyx dermoid lends itself only to surgical treatment, during which the epithelial passage, scars and possible fistulas are cut out.

Coccyx cyst removal surgery

The most effective way to get rid of this disease is surgery. It is carried out in all cases of an uncomplicated course of the disease and at any stage of inflammation of the coccyx cyst. The earlier the operation was performed, the sooner the body will recover from the consequences of the disease and surgical actions, in addition, the likelihood of relapses and complications in this case decreases.

During the operation, the doctor removes the very source of the disease - the epithelial canal with its primary and secondary holes.

Elimination of the coccyx cyst is practiced during the period of remission, although there are cases when it is necessary to carry out surgery at the time of exacerbation. The operation takes place under local or general anesthesia and lasts 20 minutes. - an hour, easily tolerated by the patient. The wound heals for about a month, the ability to work is restored after 3 weeks.

Excision of the coccyx cyst can be carried out in different ways, the choice of which depends on the location of the formation and the complexity of the epithelial coccygeal passage. The following methods of operative removal of the focus of the disease are used:

• The doctor excises the coccyx cyst entirely, sutures the wound to the bottom, thereby creating natural drainage. In the postoperative period, the patient is under observation. This method is used with a complicated form of the coccygeal cyst and the presence of an open wound.
• The surgeon excises the cyst completely, but sutures the wound, leaving a hole for drainage. This method is good for a closed wound, when relapse is more possible, as well as during remission.
• Bascom's method is different in that the coccyx cyst is removed under the skin in the direction from the primary opening, which is completely sutured, to the secondary ones, they leave a drainage for the infiltrate to exit.
• The Karidakis method assumes that a piece of skin is excised together with the coccyx cyst, the affected area will mix somewhat, leading the wound to the intergluteal line. This method speeds up postoperative recovery and reduces the risk of relapses and complications.

The author of the article: Volkov Dmitry Sergeevich | c. m. n. surgeon, phlebologist

Education: Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry (1996). In 2003 he received a diploma from the Educational and Scientific Medical Center of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation.