Amla - 17 Medicinal Properties, Application, Where Does It Grow?

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 02:10

Amla: 17 health benefits of amla

Amla or Indian Gooseberry is a food supplement that is the champion of vitamin C content. According to the ORAC rating, it is included in the list of the 100 strongest antioxidants.

Content:

• Amla - what is it?
• Chemical composition
• Pharmacological properties

• 17 health benefits of amla

  1. Antioxidant source
  2. Record holder for vitamin C content
  3. Source of fiber
  4. Good for the liver
  5. Protection against intoxication with poisons and heavy metals
  6. Benefits for the kidneys
  7. Good for the mind and intellect
  8. Fights hair loss
  9. Cancer prevention
  10. Antiviral agent
  11. Improving the skin with vitiligo
  12. Effective in the fight against head lice
  13. Prolongs DNA youth
  14. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases
  15. Helps with diabetes
  16. Increases antioxidant levels
  17. Destroys bacteria
• The use of amla in traditional medicine
• Conclusion
• Answers to popular questions

Amla - what is it?

Gooseberries are not just one plant. Several dozen botanical subspecies are united under this name, but amla does not belong to them. It is allocated in a separate species - Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry), and the very name of the amla berry comes from amalika (Sanskrit language).

Unlike low-growing gooseberry shrubs, amla grows on evergreen trees that can reach over 18 meters in height. On their branches you can find large berries of a rich yellow-green color. They are the same size as a ping pong ball.

Amla has the second highest vitamin C content among all fruits.

The fruits are appreciated by adherents of Ayurveda. They are used in two of the most important recipes for this science: triphala powder and chawanprash mixture. In triphala powder it contains up to 33%, and in a mixture of chyavanprash it takes about 46%, although this recipe includes more than three dozen different ingredients.

Amla can be eaten unchanged, but most often it is made into a powder.

Dr. Michael Greger: "Amla is the most antioxidant-rich fruit on planet Earth."

Chemical composition

• Fats: 0.6 g
• Proteins: 0.9 g
• Carbohydrates: 10.2 g
• Water: 88.1 g
• Ash: 0.16 g

Vitamins (per 100 g):	amount	% RDA
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)	1800 mg	2000%
Vitamin A (retinol)	87 mcg	6%
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)	0.1 mg	4%
Minerals
Manganese	1.1 mg	47.8%
Selenium	0.24 μg	43.6%
Iron	3.3 mg	33%
Copper	0.28 mg	31%
Zinc	1.8 mg	16.3%
Potassium	282 mg	6%
Phosphorus	28.2 mg	4%
Magnesium	11.8 mg	3%
Calcium	27.6 mg	2.7%

In addition, amla berries contain:

• Gallic acid.
• Lemon acid.
• Tannins: emblican B and A.
• Carotenoids.
• Gum.
• Glycosides.
• Saponins.
• Flavonoids.
• Tannins.
• Psoralen.
• Cytokines: zeatin, zeatin nucleotide, zeatin riboside, superoxide dismutase.

The seeds contain essential oils, lipolytics and proteolytics in the form of enzymes.

Pharmacological properties

The unique properties of ascorbic acid contained in amla are explained by the fact that in berries it is presented in conjunction with gallic acid and tannins. Therefore, even during boiling, vitamin C is not destroyed, and in dry raw materials it retains its activity for 3 years.

Taking berries contributes to the production of erythropoietin, so they are actively used to treat anemia. Amla eliminates intestinal colic, helps to get rid of flatulence and constipation, to regulate bowel function. This is possible thanks to the saponins and glycosides in its composition. The natural antiseptics contained in the berries help to normalize the intestinal flora.

It has been proven that taking amla normalizes blood sugar and cholesterol levels, prevents the development of complications of diabetes mellitus in the form of heart disease and diabetic nephropathy. These results were obtained by Japanese researchers in 2005. The findings are published in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology.

Amla helps in the treatment of vitiligo due to the saline contained in the berries, and also protects the skin from ultraviolet rays. Naturopath Katie Wong claims that amla oil has a positive effect on hair condition.

17 health benefits of amla

All of the following effects of amla have been confirmed in animal and human studies. However, before introducing any new medicinal product, you need to consult a specialist.

1. A source of antioxidants

The ORAC assay allows you to assess the degree of antioxidant activity of berries. The ability of amla to absorb oxygen radicals (100 g of product) is evaluated. Results:

• Amla Powder - 261,500.
• Acai powder (vegetable eutherpa) - 102,700.
• Fresh Black Raspberries - 19,220.
• Wild blueberries - 9.621
• Maca peruvian - 6,100.
• Spirulina (powder) 5.970
• Fresh blueberries - 4.669

In terms of antioxidant content, amla is 55 times ahead of blueberries, and acai 1.5 times. In this regard, amlu is superior only to the coffee cherry (the fruit of the coffee bush).

2. Record holder for vitamin C content

It is believed that orange juice holds the record for molecular vitamin C. However, few people think about the fact that all packaged store drinks go through a pasteurization process that destroys the vitamin C they contain. Things are no better with cold-pressed juices. They contain vitamin C, but in the form of synthetic ascorbic acid, more than 80% of which is produced in China. ^[1]

If we compare amla (up to 1800 mg of vitamin C per 100 g) and fresh oranges, then berries contain 30 times more vitamin C than citrus fruits. ^[2]

3. Source of fiber

There are 4.3 g of fiber per 100 g of berries, which is 20% of the daily requirement of an adult. For comparison, apples and blueberries have 15% less indigestible fiber.

4. Good for the liver

Protects the liver from obesity. An experiment with rodents, which was carried out by scientists from the University of Taiwan, made it possible to establish that berries have a positive effect on liver cells, preventing the development of fatty hepatosis against the background of an inappropriate diet high in fat ^[3]

It is useful for alcoholism. Indian scientists have found that the tannins, flavonoids and phenols contained in berries prevent the destruction of hepatocytes against the background of alcohol abuse. The experiment was carried out on rodents. The livers of those rats that received ethanol and large servings of berries remained healthy compared to the control group. ^[4]

Aqueous amla extract has been found to promote weight loss. The fatty layer decreased in the peritoneal region and in the epididymis of male rodents. Also, in experimental animals, the indicators of liver steatosis improved due to an increase in adiponectin in adipocytes and receptors, which are activated by PRAR-a. It was found that an aqueous extract of berries reduces the level of proteins that bind the stearic regulatory element (SREBP-1c) in the liver of rodents who eat foods high in fat.

Protecting liver cells from oxidative stress caused by high levels of iron in the body. Iron is able to accumulate in the liver. If its concentration becomes too high, then the organ is exposed to severe oxidative stress. ^[five]

Scientists have found that amla berries not only reduce the concentration of iron in the liver, but also reduce the intensity of oxidative processes. The data came from an experiment with albino Swiss mice, which were offered high doses of iron and amla berry extract.

Protects the liver from damage in diabetes. Fatty liver develops not only in people with diabetes. The risk group includes women who have entered menopause. Scientists conducted an experiment in which conditions close to menopause were created artificially for rodents. For 18 days, one group of rats received regular food, and the other - with excess glucose. A little later, they began to introduce amla supplements into their diet. As a result, their liver condition improved.

5. Protection against intoxication with poisons and heavy metals

Amla against arsenic poisoning. Arsenic is one of the most harmful heavy metals for the body. It accumulates in the liver, spleen and kidneys, destroying them. Scientists conducted an experiment in which one group of rodents was given water contaminated with arsenic, and the second group was given the same water, but enriched with extracts of amla leaves.

After the experiment was completed, the same amount of arsenic was found in the bodies of rodents from both groups, but the size of organs of those mice that received the extract of amla leaves was normal. In animals that were not given the beneficial supplement, enlargement of the liver, kidneys, and spleen was observed.

Amla against cadmium poisoning. A similar experiment was carried out with cadmium, but the control group of rodents did not receive the extract of amla leaves, but the juice of the berries. After 8 days, it was noticed that the mortality in this group of animals was lower. In addition, the tissues of the testicles, liver and kidneys began to regenerate. ^[6]

6. Benefits for the kidneys

Amla prevents kidney damage with a contrast agent. It has been experimentally proven that daily intake of amla berries helps the kidneys to function normally and prevents damage to nephrocytes during the administration of a contrast agent. The study was conducted on rats that received 250-500 mg of fetuses per kg of body weight.

Prevents aging of the kidneys. The older a person is, the worse his kidneys function. Over time, they can completely lose their ability to filter and detoxify blood. Researchers in Japan wondered if amla berry extract could prevent this process by getting in the way of oxidative stress caused by aging. To find out, they selected a group of elderly rats who were given 10 or 40 ml of amla berry extract every day for each kilogram of weight.

The results were surprising. In animals, a decrease in the level of urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood was noted, blood pressure indicators became better, and positive dynamics were outlined in the synthesis of nitric oxide and the enzyme cyclooxygenase - 2 (COX-2).

Based on the experiment, the scientists concluded that amla can be used to prevent the development of renal diseases caused by aging.

7. Good for the mind and intellect

Acts as a nootropic drug. Amla berry extract has been shown to improve cognitive performance and can be used as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and other diseases associated with neuronal damage.

Scientists offered rodents the amla extract for 12 days, after which they evaluated the results using tests and laboratory tests (measured the level of antioxidant enzymes in the brain tissues).

It was found that those animals that received more amla (200 mg / kg) improved long-term memory indicators the best.

Amla helps with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. To date, scientists have not figured out what exactly becomes the triggering factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease. However, it has been proven that with its manifestation and progression, the growth of amyloid plaques in the neurons of the brain is observed.

In a study in rodents, it was found that taking amla berries can prevent cognitive dysfunction. Mental disorders were artificially provoked in rats by the administration of aluminum chloride. It is known that this substance leads to memory impairment (up to its complete loss) and the formation of amyloid plaques. ^[7]

8. Fights hair loss

One of the leading factors in male alopecia is dihydrotestosterone, which is formed from testosterone through the influence of the 5-reductase enzyme on it. The higher the DHT levels, the faster the man goes bald.

Propecia is designed to treat hair loss. Its pharmacological action is based on the suppression of the 5-reductase enzyme, due to which the desired effect develops and hair loss stops.

In an experiment with mice, Thai scientists found that amla berries are an effective product that inhibits the production of an enzyme that provokes an increase in dihydrotestosterone levels, which means it prevents the development of alopecia. ^[eight]

9. Cancer prevention

Prevention of lung cancer. In a study in rodents, it was found that taking amla berries can reduce the number of cancer cells in the lungs. In parallel, a decrease in some anti-inflammatory markers was observed.

Note: the disease in rodents was provoked by the introduction of benzopyrene, which is a powerful carcinogen. ^[nine]

Prevents ovarian cancer. Scientists from Missouri Kansas City have found that amla inhibits the growth of cancer cells in ovarian tissue. ^[ten]

Liver cancer treatment. In China, a team of scientists was able to prove that gallic acid extracted from amla leaves leads to the natural death of cancer cells that damage the liver (BEL-7404). ^[eleven]

Breast cancer treatment. It was experimentally found that even small concentrations of amla berry extract in the amount of 25 and 50 μg / ml inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). ^[12]

Colon cancer treatment. A dosage of 50-100 μg / ml of amla berry extract results in a slowdown in the growth of SW620 cells that cause colon and rectal cancer.

Prevents the degeneration of healthy cells. Scientists have found that healthy colon epithelial cells treated with amla berry extract are less likely to undergo chromosomal mutations. ^[13]

10. Antiviral agent

Scientists have found that amla berry extract has the ability to destroy several viruses, including:

• Hepatitis B virus
• Influenza viruses.
• Herpes simplex viruses, etc.

The studies were carried out "in a test tube", without the participation of living organisms. It was concluded that the antiviral effect is provided by phenols and norbisabolan sesquiterpenoid glycosides contained in berries.

11. Improving the skin with vitiligo

Supplementation with amla and other antioxidants has been shown to improve the skin symptoms of vitiligo, namely, repigmentation sites were found in patients, and the intensity of the inflammatory response also decreased.

The experiment involved 130 patients, half of whom received a placebo capsule, and the other half a capsule containing 100 mg of amla, 10 mg of vitamin E and 4.7 mg of carotenoids. The study lasted six months. ^[fourteen]

12. Effective in the fight against head lice

Scientists have found that amla shampoo is more effective in treating head lice than carbaryl shampoo. The study was conducted with the participation of Thai children.

The result was amazing: after the first application of the amla shampoo, about 97.68% of the parasites were killed. However, no side effects were found for humans. ^[fifteen]

13. Prolongs DNA youth

In Ayurveda, amalaki rasayana is made from amla berries on the basis of jam. Scientists became interested in its medicinal properties and conducted several experiments on animals, during which they found that this agent prevents DNA damage as a result of cell aging.

The research did not stop there. Other human studies have recently been released. They were offered rasayana and placebo for 45 days. It was not possible to identify any positive dynamics in terms of DNA preservation. However, the scientists noted that Amalaki Rasayana has proven itself well in terms of stable DNA strand repair in the elderly. ^[sixteen]

14. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases

Scientists from Ohio State University have found out that amla is an effective remedy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The study involved 15 people with 1 degree of obesity. The average age of all subjects is 36 years.

For 3 months, they received 500 mg of amla powder 2 times a day. The participants were not offered a placebo. Upon completion of the study, the following results were obtained:

• The level of "bad" cholesterol decreased.
• The level of C-reactive protein has decreased.
• Decreased index of ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. ^[17]

15. Helps with diabetes

Reduces blood glucose levels. The experiment involved patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals. Each of them was offered 1, 2 or 3 g of amla berry powder per day. Blood glucose measurements were taken 3 weeks later. Scientists found that her performance was reduced both on an empty stomach and two hours after eating.

Individuals who received the maximum dosage of amla had decreased levels of "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides. ^[18]

Effect in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In all patients with diabetes mellitus, blood clotting indices become worse than in healthy individuals, which is associated with impaired platelet function. Scientists conducted a small experiment involving 10 people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. They were offered 500 mg of amla extract 2 times a day and 75 mg of Clopidogrel, 75 mg of Aspirin once a day. It was found that amla extract has a pronounced antithrombotic effect, which means it can be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ^[nineteen]

16. Increases antioxidant levels

In an experiment that lasted 4 months, it was found that supplementation with amla reduced oxidative stress and increased blood antioxidant levels in patients with uremia. ^[20]

17. Kills bacteria

The antimicrobial activity of amla has been established experimentally. The study involved 57 adult patients, some of whom rinsed their mouths with a liquid containing 6% amla (Triphala solution, in which the weight part of amla is 33%), and another group used chlorhexidine for this purpose. The third group did not receive any funds for the treatment of the oral cavity at all.

Results that were received after two weeks:

• Reduction in the number of streptococci by 83% when rinsing the mouth with Triphala solution.
• Reduction of the number of streptococci by 80% when rinsing the mouth with chlorhexidine.
• Increase in the number of streptococci by 3% in the group where mouthwash was not used.

Results that were received after 45 days:

• Up to 67% reduction when using Triphala.
• Up to 65% reduction with chlorhexidine.
• Increase the number of bacteria by 7% without the use of rinses.

Scientists concluded that Triphala solution with amla has antimicrobial activity similar to that of Chlorhexidine solution, but does not cause the development of side effects.

A similar experiment was carried out with the participation of schoolchildren, they received the same results as in adults. ^[21], ^[22]

The use of amla in traditional medicine

In folk medicine, all parts of the plant are used: seeds, leaves, bark, flowers and fruits. The juice is used as a tonic. When mixed with honey and raisins, you can make a cooling drink that has a diuretic effect. Berry juice mixed with syrup is used in the treatment of gynecological diseases.

There are recipes with amla that can be used to treat hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, and pneumonia.

Dried fruits help to normalize the functioning of the digestive system, get rid of diarrhea. A decoction of leaves and flowers is used as a laxative.

Tincture on amla seeds helps to cope with conjunctivitis faster. For nausea and vomiting, you can take amla powder with sandalwood powder and honey.

The ointment is applied to the skin affected by the itch mite.

Masks with amla help to put hair in order, get rid of brittleness and split ends.

Conclusion

Amla is widely used in Ayurveda for the preparation of recipes with a variety of therapeutic activities. It can be eaten as a source of vitamin C. The plant's medicinal properties have been proven in numerous experiments and studies, although its effect on the body is not fully known. New scientific research needed to support the health benefits of amla.

However, there is no doubt that vitamin C contained in amla is necessary for maintaining the normal functioning of organs and systems.

Answers to popular questions

What is the daily allowance for amla berries? Eating more than one handful a day is not worth it when it comes to fresh berries. However, it is almost impossible to find them on sale. Most often they are used in the form of freeze-dried powder, which is not inferior to fresh fruits in terms of vitamin C and antioxidants. The starting daily dose is 1 teaspoon.

What is the threat of an overdose? Exceeding the recommended dose increases the likelihood of developing the following side effects:

• increased urination;
• liquefaction of stools, up to the development of diarrhea;
• losing weight;
• drop in blood sugar;
• lowering blood pressure.

To eliminate unwanted symptoms, you should not take more than 1 tablespoon of powder per day. The effect of amla on the body of pregnant women has not been studied.

The powder should be used with extreme caution by persons receiving drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

The author of the article: Kuzmina Vera Valerievna | Endocrinologist, nutritionist

Education: Diploma of the Russian State Medical University named after NI Pirogov with a degree in General Medicine (2004). Residency at Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, diploma in Endocrinology (2006). Sources of information:

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