Granuloma In Children - Types, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Granulomas In Children

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Types, causes, diagnosis and treatment of granulomas in children

Types of granulomas in children

As a rule, granuloma is a chronic skin disease. Its most common type is granuloma annulus, which is often seen in children between the ages of three and six. Granuloma annular is an idiopathic chronic benign disease with rashes in the form of papules and nodules that form rings around atrophic or normal skin during the growth process.

In 90% of cases of diseases, a localized type of rash is observed - the presence of a single lesion focus. The papules are the same color as the baby's skin. The size of the lesion (ring) is up to 50 mm. There are cases when another ring is present in the middle of one ring. There is a subcutaneous type of annular granuloma. It is characterized by the location of granulomas in the upper layers of the skin in the elbows, knees, fingers, forearm or on the head in the hair area. There have been rare cases of the appearance of granulomas on the eyelids.

Another type of the disease is a perforating type of annular granuloma. It manifests itself in isolated cases. Her papules have cork formations, from which a substance that looks like gelatin constantly flows out. There is an increase in papules in size. The rarest type of annular granuloma is disseminated, when the rash is manifested in the trunk and distal parts of the limbs.

A less common type of granuloma is eosinophilic granuloma of the bones. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas with the content of eosinophilic leukocytes in the bone marrow. This disease is known as Taratynov's disease. This granuloma can be observed mainly in children under seven years of age, in rare cases in adolescents. The main sign of bone granuloma can be a single (multiple) isolated focus in the bones. Often there is damage to the bones of the skull, ribs, femurs, pelvic bones, vertebrae.

Causes of granulomas in children

At this point in time, experts cannot unequivocally determine the true cause of the granuloma. Some scientists believe that the cause of the rash is the presence of a disease such as diabetes. Other experts point to impaired metabolism of carbohydrates in the body, excessive consumption of refined foods as the cause. It is believed that mechanical trauma to the skin can also become a source of disease. The origins of the disease are not completely clear, so it is difficult to understand what to fear.

Diagnostics of the granuloma

It is possible to determine the presence of the disease only with the help of a histology study. Only this diagnostic method allows you to recognize the presence of destruction of elastin fibers, allows you to see changes in the blood vessels of the dermis located in its middle part, notice the slightest formations of necrobiosis in the connective tissues and determine many other factors that are signals of the presence of granulomas in the body.

Bone granuloma is extremely difficult to diagnose due to the lack of clear symptoms and a variety of X-ray data. Therefore, cases of erroneous conclusions are not rare. A doctor can make a clear diagnosis based on several factors - pain in the bone area, X-rays, microscopic examination of a sample of material obtained during an operation, biopsy or puncture. Moreover, the last method is the main and decisive one for the correct treatment.

Treatment of granulomas in children

In the treatment of annular granulomas, a combination of freezing lesions with the imposition of occlusive dressings impregnated with glucocorticoid ointments is usually used. It is also recommended a general strengthening treatment with the intake of vitamins C, E, B1, B2. In some cases, a positive result is given by subcutaneous injection of the affected foci with a hydrocortisone suspension. However, one should take into account the possible atrophy of the skin when using this method.

Bone granuloma requires surgery or X-ray therapy. In cases of a single bone lesion, after the operation, recovery occurs, and the bone defect, after elimination of the granuloma, fills up on its own. Full recovery can be seen after a year. If large areas of the bone are damaged, then after cleaning it will be necessary to fill the void with special homocarbon or to transplant a healthy bone. In the case of multiple foci of bone granulomas, X-ray therapy is performed.

There is an opinion and cases were recorded when the granuloma disappeared spontaneously without any treatment. Most likely this is due to the not fully clarified reasons for its occurrence. But it is better not to experiment, if ring-shaped rashes appear on your child's body or he complains of bone pain, immediately contact a doctor who will diagnose and select the right treatment for your child.

Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".