2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49
Stroke prevention
A person who has had a stroke may be at risk of the disease again within the first few years if they do not take stroke prevention.
According to statistics, a stroke occurs again in 20% of people in the first year after the first stroke. In 18%, the stroke recurs after three years, and in 40% - within five years after the first stroke.
This is because the doctors were unable to identify the causes of the stroke the first time and could not correct the situation.
Re-stroke may occur due to factors such as atherosclerosis of blood vessels with high cholesterol levels, arterial hypertension, heart rhythm disturbances, heart problems such as heart failure, coronary heart disease. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, limited physical activity, and alcohol abuse also lead to stroke.
Therefore, for good prevention of stroke, you must first of all change your previous lifestyle: give up bad habits, increase physical activity. It is also recommended to conduct an examination in order to determine what affected the circulatory disorder in the brain, and to cure the disease that led to the stroke.
Basically, articles like this one are read by those who have already suffered one stroke. As a rule, after a stroke, people become disabled. Therefore, try not to overwork the brain after suffering a stroke. Stroke prevention includes not only proper nutrition, but also need to engage in physical activity, do not abuse smoking and alcoholic beverages.
Unfortunately, not all people adhere to these rules. If you have already celebrated your 40th birthday, then you just need to constantly monitor your blood pressure, about two or three times a week. Typically, a stroke occurs in those who experience high blood pressure. And it doesn't even matter that it is very high. Stress can also cause a stroke.
Physical activity is very good. But try not to overdo it. Measure your pulse, blood pressure, coordinate the load with your doctor so that he can tell you what not to do. A good load for your body is swimming, walking, cycling, skiing.
Content:
- Stroke Prevention Medications
- Secondary prevention of stroke
Stroke Prevention Medications
Any stroke, regardless of its type, origin and consequences, is considered a serious brain disease. Therefore, it is extremely important to be able to properly treat it. But preventing this condition is just as important as treating it. In fact, even more attention should be paid to it. After all, the treatment process is only aimed at insignificantly improving the already impaired function and structure of the brain, and the task of prevention is to prevent the development of these disorders. The central role in this event belongs to medications.
The main groups of drugs for the prevention of stroke are shown in the table. The main thing to remember is a differentiated treatment and prophylactic approach, which is determined by the type of cerebrovascular accident. Medicines are used both for the primary prevention of stroke and for preventing its recurrence (secondary prevention).
| Primary drug prevention | Drug prevention of repeated stroke attacks | |
| Ischemic |
|
Has the same characteristics as the primary. Assumes life-long intake of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, course intravenous administration of cerebroprotectors 2 times a year with alternating tablet intake. The blood coagulation system and ultrasound of the head vessels are monitored. |
| Hemorrhagic |
|
The activities are the same as for primary prevention. The use of blood thinning agents of the anticoagulant type is contraindicated. Antiplatelet agents (Ascard, Cardiomagnyl) should be taken under medical supervision and only if it is not possible. Cerebroprotectors are administered in courses of 7 days, 2 times a year. Constant monitoring of hypertension and blood coagulation is mandatory. |
Secondary prevention of stroke
Stroke is never the primary disease. It develops against the background of certain pathological conditions, being their complication or natural ending. Therefore, secondary prevention of stroke is twofold. On the one hand, it is aimed at treating and preventing those diseases that constitute a risk group for brain damage, on the other, it should include measures aimed at preventing repeated stroke attacks. Secondary prevention is subject to both people who have suffered from cerebrovascular accidents and those who have too high a risk of their development.
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Secondary stroke prevention interventions include:
- Correction of blood pressure and hypertension. Maintaining this vital parameter at a constant level, preventing its critical drops, especially towards a critical increase, is a basic measure. After all, one of the complications of hypertension is hemorrhagic stroke;
- Treatment of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Against the background of these conditions, damage to the vessels of the brain develops (diabetic angiopathy of the brain). It is based on the narrowing of large and small intracerebral vascular plexuses, a critical manifestation of which is stroke. Therefore, if early treatment of diabetes is started, such complications can be prevented;
- Correction of body weight. More frequent development of strokes, both ischemic and hemorrhagic types, was recorded in people with increased body weight. Therefore, it needs to be monitored by the body mass index, which is the ratio of weight to the square of height in meters;
- Control of blood clotting. If a person has too thick blood, then there is an extremely high risk of developing blood clots in the vessels of the brain with the transformation of the process into an ischemic stroke. In the case of too liquid blood against the background of weakened blood vessels, cerebral hemorrhage may occur;
- Correction of blood cholesterol levels and treatment of vascular atherosclerosis. These two components in the pathogenesis of any type of stroke are interrelated with each other and with other risk factors. We can say that they are the main punitive instrument. After all, cholesterol plaques not only narrow the vascular lumen, but also violate its strength;
- Rejection of bad habits. With regard to stroke, we are talking about alcohol abuse, tobacco smoking and passion for strong coffee. All of these substances increase the disorders of cerebral circulation, especially in the case of an already experienced stroke. Therefore, their use is strictly prohibited for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes;
- Normalization of physical and psycho-emotional activity. Loads should be gentle, as minimal as possible.
Author of the article: Sokov Andrey Vladimirovich | Neurologist
Education: In 2005 completed an internship at the IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and received a diploma in Neurology. In 2009, completed postgraduate studies in the specialty "Nervous diseases".
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