2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43
Paresis of the larynx and vocal cords
Paresis of the larynx and vocal cords is spoken of when the motor activity of the laryngeal muscles decreases. This in turn leads to impaired voice and breathing. This disease is closely related to serious pathological disorders of the muscles of the larynx. Manifestation of paresis of the larynx and vocal cords: weakness, hoarseness or loss of voice, difficulty breathing and choking.
Paresis of the larynx is diagnosed using computed tomography, radiography and laryngoscopy. The patient is always given the necessary bacteriological culture for the microflora, electromyography is done, the chest cavity, the brain and the thyroid gland are examined. Laryngeal paresis is diagnosed in men and women of different ages.
Since there are many reasons why this dangerous disease occurs, several clinical disciplines are involved in the study of causal factors, diagnosis and treatment. A patient with laryngeal paresis is usually referred for examination not only to an otolaryngologist, but also to a neurologist, neurosurgeon, endocrinologist, cardiologist, pulmonologist, thoracic surgeon, psychologist and psychiatrist.
By their nature, such paresis of the larynx are classified into myopathic, neuropathic, peripheral, functional, bulbar and cortical. Myopathic ones appear in the laryngeal muscles, neuropathic ones arise from nerve damage.
Peripheral paresis of the larynx develops with significant dysfunctions of the vagus nerve. Bulbar paresis is said to be when the nucleus of this nerve in the brain is significantly damaged. Cortical paresis of the larynx is observed when areas in the cerebral cortex are damaged. Paresis of the larynx and vocal cords of the typical functional type are characterized by general damage to all functions of the cerebral cortex.
By their nature, various paresis of the larynx are divided into unilateral and bilateral. Only a bilateral arrangement is noted by specialists in functional and cortical types of paresis.
What causes paresis of the laryngeal muscles?
Laryngeal paresis cannot occur on their own, while being the result of many other diseases. For example, paresis of the laryngeal muscles can occur in various inflammatory diseases (laryngotracheitis). Often, this disorder is observed with various kinds of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, tuberculosis, typhoid, syphilis, as well as dangerous botulism and poliomyelitis.
A patient with myasthenia gravis and polymyositis is usually always at risk of developing paresis of the laryngeal muscles and vocal cords. Traumatic brain injury, tumors and cardiovascular disorders can also be the main causative factor in laryngeal paresis. Increased voice load in connection with professional activities (teacher, actor, singer, combat commander) in most cases provoke the development of such a dangerous disease.
Inhalation of cold and dirty air can also lead to a dangerous disease of the larynx and vocal cords. The functional type of paresis of the laryngeal muscles can also appear as a result of a variety of stressful situations and serious emotional experiences. Psychopathy and hysteria often become important causes of these conditions.
Paresis of the larynx manifests itself in a violation of the voice and breathing: the sonority of the vocal cords decreases, sometimes the voice disappears completely; speech becomes quiet, turning into a whisper; hoarseness and hoarseness of the voice appears; the patient is tired with vocal stress; air enters the lungs with difficulty, suffocation occurs.
How to treat paresis of the larynx and vocal cords?
Treatment of paresis of the larynx, its main task is to effectively eliminate the concomitant disease, which was the causative factor for this disease. Modern therapy includes specific drug treatment with various pharmaceuticals, as well as the mandatory performance of surgical operations on the area affected by paresis.
When treating with medicines, the necessary antibiotics or suitable antiviral drugs, vitamins of group B are used. In addition, each patient is treated with neuroprotectors, biogenic stimulants, proserin, aloe in case of myopathic laryngeal paresis. The functional type of paresis of the laryngeal muscles is treated with psychotropic drugs such as antidepressants, tranquilizers and other possible means.
In the case of any traumatic brain injury or with significant cerebrovascular accidents, usually nootropic drugs and necessary drugs are used to strengthen the cardiovascular system.
All kinds of surgical methods aimed at treating paresis of the laryngeal muscles often include inevitable operations on the vocal cords. If choking occurs, an urgent tracheotomy is performed. Among the physiotherapeutic methods for treating paresis of the larynx and vocal cords, electrical stimulation, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, and therapeutic massage are used.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
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