2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43
Causes, symptoms of fibroma of the vocal cords
The larynx is part of the respiratory system, consists of a breathing tube and a vocal apparatus. The vocal cords are a muscular fold of the laryngeal mucosa and are located in its middle part.
Vocal cord fibroma is the most common type of benign tumor that affects the vocal cord region. It is an occupational disease in people of speech professions (singers, speakers, teachers) and arises as a result of prolonged regular overstrain of the ligaments.
The fibroma of the larynx is non-invasive, does not ulcerate, does not give metastasis. It is a fibrous connective tissue covered with squamous epithelium. It has a thin stem, sometimes it can be located on a wide base. The neoplasm has the shape of a ball ranging in size from a few millimeters to a centimeter. It is a single node located on the superior surface or free edge of the vocal cord.
Fibroma can occur in various parts of the larynx, but is more often localized on the true vocal cords, namely, on the free edge at the anterior commissure or between the anterior and middle thirds, rarely on the lower or upper surface of the vocal fold.
Usually the fibroma is gray or pinkish in color, but if there are many blood vessels in its structure, it may be red or purple-blue (angiofibroma). There are two types of fibroids: soft and dense. With hyaline degeneration of the connective fibers of the tumor, a solid fibroma is formed. If the neoplasm contains a large amount of fluid and a little dense component, a soft edematous fibroma of a gelatinous appearance, also called a polyp, is formed. It is usually located on a long stem.
Fibroids are more common in middle-aged men. They grow slowly and rarely grow to large sizes, usually no larger than a pea. If the fibroma is located on a thin leg, it floats during talking and breathing, preventing the normal closure of the ligaments. This can lead to aphonia, hoarseness, diplophonia, sometimes it causes a cough, and in rare cases makes breathing difficult.
Content:
- Causes of fibroma of the vocal cords
- Vocal cord fibroma symptoms
- Diagnostics of the fibroma of the vocal cords
- Treatment of fibroma of the vocal cords
Causes of fibroma of the vocal cords
The main cause of fibroma of the vocal cords is voice overload, that is, overstrain of the ligaments. Thus, the specifics of the work sometimes leaves an imprint on teachers and singers. Significantly increase the likelihood of a neoplasm, alcohol abuse, which dries out the mucous membrane of the larynx.
In smokers, the mucous membrane changes over time, it becomes thickened and blood-filled, which contributes to the appearance of neoplasms. People who often stay in dusty rooms with dry air or with harmful vapors are also susceptible to the disease. This leads to a thinning of the mucous membrane and disruption of the work of its glands. There is a sore throat, constant dryness, cough.
Vocal cord fibroma symptoms
The main symptoms of fibroma of the vocal cords are persistent hoarseness in the voice and sometimes neck pain. Fibroma can cause an increase in false vocal cords, since they partially take over the function of voice formation.
In such cases, the voice of a previously hoarse patient improves, but it is still coarser, lower than before and does not sound as clear as before. And since with the participation of the false vocal cords, the external auxiliary muscles of the larynx are constantly strained, the patient has a feeling of pain in the front of the neck.
Difficulty breathing can also signal the presence of fibroids in the vocal cords. This happens when the tumor reaches a considerable size.
Diagnostics of the fibroma of the vocal cords
Due to the fact that the disease can proceed without symptoms at all, sometimes it is diagnosed by chance during the next otolaryngological examination. If symptoms appear, you should visit an otolaryngologist. The doctor will perform a specular laryngoscopy.
Usually, complete mobility of the ligament and the pedicle of the tumor are the main differences between fibroids and malignant neoplasms. However, to fully clarify the benign quality of the tumor, its histological examination is carried out after the removal of the node.
Treatment of fibroma of the vocal cords
Since fibroma of the vocal cords can become malignant, the only treatment is to remove it. Removal is carried out with the following instruments: laryngeal loop, guillotine, various forceps. At the same time, blood loss is negligible.
After the operation, you should not take hot food and drink for several days. Also, during the week, you cannot raise your voice, and for people of speech professions, the period increases to two to three weeks. After removal of the tumor, the voice immediately becomes clear. The forecast is favorable.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
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