Superficial Gastroduodenitis - Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Superficial gastroduodenitis

This form of gastroduodenitis is a type of inflammation of the stomach and duodenum with the best prognosis and the least difficult course. Against the background of the pathological process, normal or increased acidity of gastric juice and adequate functioning of the glands remain. All structures of the stomach and upper intestines, except for the mucous membrane, retain their working capacity in this disease. Superficial gastroduodenitis can be the initial stage of other forms of gastritis and duodenitis.

The very name of the disease tells how deeply the structures of the stomach and duodenum are affected: the mucous membrane with superficial gastroduodenitis is slightly inflamed, and this process is reversible.

Content:

• Causes of superficial gastroduodenitis
• Symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis
• Diagnostics
• Treatment of superficial gastroduodenitis
• Prognosis and prevention of the disease

Disease classification:

• According to the form of the course - acute and chronic superficial gastroduodenitis;
• By etiology - primary (exogenous) and secondary (endogenous) superficial gastroduodenitis;
• Phases according to the degree of inflammation - initial, erosive, atrophic and hypertrophic;
• The phases of the course of chronic superficial gastroduodenitis are exacerbation, complete and incomplete remission.

The treatment regimen of the disease depends on what acidity (normal, high or low) is observed in the patient's stomach.

Causes of superficial gastroduodenitis

At the heart of the inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum is a violation of the blood supply.

Factors contributing to the development of superficial gastroduodenitis:

• Increased acidity of gastric juice;
• Violation of the regenerative capacity of the mucous membrane;
• Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
• Toxic damage by poor quality food;
• Alcoholism;
• Diseases of the central nervous system;
• Frequent stress and psycho-emotional shock;
• Irregular meals;
• Eating excessively hot or cold food, eating dry food.

Symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis

There may not be any acute manifestations of the disease with a minimal inflammatory process. The most striking symptom is aching abdominal pains. They appear after eating and as a result of inappropriate nutrition, give to the navel and under the right rib.

Other symptoms of superficial gastroduodenitis:

• Dyspepsia;
• Heartburn;
• Belching with acidic stomach contents;
• White coating on the tongue;
• Bad taste and bad breath;
• Alternating constipation and diarrhea;
• Increased salivation;
• General weakness and irritability - sleep disturbances, headaches.

With the appearance of dyskinesia and duodeno-gastric reflux, the balance of acidity in the stomach is disturbed, and bile is refluxed from the duodenum into the stomach. Because of this, there is a bitter belching of bile, heartburn, a feeling of heaviness.

With the course of the disease and the appearance of atrophic changes, a deficiency of vitamins of groups A, C, B develops.

Diagnostics

To diagnose and prescribe treatment for this pathology, you should contact a gastroenterologist. The doctor will pay attention to the analysis of the patient's clinical symptoms and complaints, determine the necessary instrumental and laboratory examination methods:

• EGDS (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) is the most informative study to determine the form and stage of the disease;
• Detection of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (PCR diagnostics, ELISA test);
• Intragastric pH-metry - determination of gastric acidity;
• Antroduodenal manometry.

It is necessary to differentiate superficial gastroduodenitis from peptic ulcer and functional dyspepsia.

Treatment of superficial gastroduodenitis

Therapy for this disease does not require the placement of the patient in a hospital, it is carried out on an outpatient basis. An important condition for effective treatment and quick recovery is diet and adherence to the diet.

The principles of nutritional therapy:

• At the beginning of therapy, it is preferable to eat mucous broths, mashed soups and cereals, drink compote and jelly;
• After 2-3 weeks, the menu includes boiled or steamed meat and fish;
• You can not eat fatty and fried foods;
• It is prohibited to eat "on the run", dry food;
• Products that provoke a deterioration in the patient's condition are excluded.

The treatment regimen for infection with Helicobacter pylori or intestinal infection includes etiotropic therapy with a combination of 2-3 antibiotics.

Groups of drugs used:

• H2-histamine receptor blockers;
• Antacids;
• Proton pump inhibitors;
• Bismuth preparations;
• Anthelmintics (in the presence of worms);
• Sedatives (for nervous system disorders);
• Probiotics (to restore the microflora of the stomach and intestines after antibacterial treatment).

The average duration of the drug course of treatment of superficial gastroduodenitis is 10 days. Physiotherapy, the use of folk recipes in the form of healing teas and herbal preparations will help to restore the functioning of the digestive tract.

Prognosis and prevention of the disease

If treatment is started in a timely manner, the prognosis for the development of superficial gastroduodenitis is favorable, complications do not arise. In case of incomplete examination and treatment, failure to comply with the doctor's recommendations, the formation of stomach and duodenal ulcers, erosion of the mucous membrane, and malignant tumors is possible. In isolated cases, gastric bleeding may occur.

Preventive action:

• Refusal from bad habits (smoking, alcoholism);
• Optimization of the menu and diet;
• Mastering relaxation techniques to prevent stress;
• Timely examination to diagnose infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and other gastrointestinal pathologies;
• Compliance with the regime of work and rest.

The author of the article: Gorshenina Elena Ivanovna | Gastroenterologist

Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" received at the Russian State Medical University named after N. I. Pirogova (2005). Postgraduate studies in the specialty "Gastroenterology" - educational and scientific medical center.