Parotid adenoma
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The salivary glands are located in the mouth. The parotid salivary glands, like the rest of the large and small salivary glands, secrete exocrine secretion - the protein and mucous components of saliva. Often among the diseases of the parotid salivary gland, tumors are isolated, which by their nature can be benign and malignant.
Adenomas, unlike all malignant neoplasms that occur in humans, are rare. Most often, the parotid gland is affected by tumors at the age of 50, it is possible that pathology may appear not only in adults, but even in newborns.
Adenoma of the salivary glands after 70 years is rare. The duration of the anamnesis is difficult to determine, since the tumor process takes place over a long period and without any special symptoms. The disease affects both men and women.
In the international dental classification, adenomas of the salivary glands are epithelial, they are represented by forms: pleomorphic, monomorphic, adenolymphoma. Diseases of the salivary organs develop against the background of pathological processes, both dystrophic, inflammatory and tumor.
Inflammation of the lips (cheilitis), inflammation of the tongue (voices) and stomatitis in a chronic course can provoke a precancerous state of the salivary glands. The peculiarities of the appearance of adenomas lead to disorders of chewing, swallowing and respiratory functions. For a common adenoma, a stage is characteristic when a formation with a diameter of less than 2 cm is observed, not extending beyond the capsule.
This type of tumor in the parotid gland grows slowly, has a structure that resembles normal organ tissue. On palpation, it separates well from the surrounding tissues. The tumor usually occurs on one side, it can be located on the right or left. Bilateral lesion is rarely observed, only if it is adenolymphoma and polymorphic adenoma.
The neoplasm can have a superficial localization or be located deep in the parenchyma of the gland.
Usually the tumor node and the facial nerve are at a distance. But the adenoma sometimes comes out of the additional lobe of the parotid salivary gland. The occurrence of adenomas is caused by a viral or bacterial infection, an autoimmune process. Pleomorphic adenoma looks like a round or oval node, up to 5-6 cm in diameter. The tumor is whitish on the cut.
May be hilly, often dense or elastic in texture. This adenoma consists of glandular tissue with fragments of lymphoid tissue. Usually it has a soft consistency, no painful sensations, it grows gradually, sometimes reaching quite large sizes. It can consist of several nodes, the capsule does not completely cover it. Monomorphic adenoma is rare and develops slowly. This is a rounded knot with a diameter of 1-2 cm, soft or dense consistency, whitish-pink on the cut, sometimes brown.
Histologically, oxyphilic, adenolymphoma, basal cell, clear cell are isolated.
Oxyphilic cell adenoma or oncocytoma, is rare, bilateral, consists of large light cells with eosinophilic fine-grained cytoplasm. Has a small dark core.
Adenolymphoma is more common; it is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration with the formation of lymphoid follicles. The tumor is located in a capsule, it is considered a rare tumor, consists of gland tissue with elements of lymphoid tissue. It is found in the thickness of the organ, accompanied by an inflammatory process.
The development of basal cell adenoma is associated with the cells lining the ducts of the salivary gland. In terms of cell structure and structure, the tumor is similar to basal cell skin cancer. Clear cell adenoma is a rather rare occurrence, consists of spindle-shaped, multifaceted light cells, forms impressive structures.
Salivary gland adenoma treatment
Detection of adenoma of the salivary gland is carried out by studying the symptoms, patient complaints, medical history, visual examination. At the diagnostic stage, a cytological method, biopsy, radioisotope and X-ray examination are used.
Treatment of a patient with such a tumor is not a serious problem. The knot can be easily removed with the capsule. This formation does not germinate, so the operation will take only a few minutes. The only complication after surgery may be due to damage to the facial nerve.
There are no specific recommendations for the prevention of adenoma of the parotid salivary gland. Every person, following a healthy lifestyle every day, taking vitamins, introducing a balanced diet into the diet, will be able to maintain health for many years.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
