Infectious cystitis
Content:
- Infectious cystitis symptoms
- Causes of infectious cystitis
- Treatment of infectious cystitis
Infectious cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder caused by microorganisms that are normally absent in the organ cavity.
Most often, this pathology occurs against the background of an already existing genital infection, being its complication. Therefore, so often together with the diagnosis "infectious cystitis" a number of other diseases are found. It can be urethritis, vulvovaginitis, cervicitis, etc.
More often women are ill. According to statistics, once in a lifetime, up to 20% of people have experienced this form of the disease.
Infectious cystitis symptoms
Symptoms of the disease are characteristic of any cystitis.
Often, the inflammatory process is acute, accompanied by the following symptoms:
- The onset of pain during urine output.
- Frequent urge to empty a diseased organ. In this case, the liquid comes out in small portions, or even in drops.
- The patient feels that the bladder is not completely emptied.
- The urine takes on an unpleasant odor, and its color may change. If there is blood in the secreted fluid, then it becomes pinkish.
- Pains appear in the lower abdomen. They are more often aching, aggravated by going to the toilet.
- The patient experiences a feeling of weakness, suffers from lack of sleep. This is because the urge to empty the bladder does not stop at night.
- Women often experience painful sensations during intimacy. This condition is called dyspareunia.
Causes of infectious cystitis
The cause of the disease is the penetration of the pathogen. They enter the organ cavity through the urinary canal. It can also be the result of a descending infection and enter a healthy bladder from inflamed kidneys. Also, pathological agents sometimes penetrate an organ through the lymphatic tract or with the blood stream, their source is an infected organ or organ system.
The most common culprits for the development of the disease:
- E. coli, which enters the organ from the rectum as a result of improper hygiene, due to hypothermia, illness, etc. Among other bacteria that can cause disease, Proteus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus and others are secreted.
- Gonococci cause inflammation when a woman is infected with gonorrhea. In this case, the signs of cystitis are blurred and are manifested mainly in dysuric disorders with cervicitis.
- Infections. When infected with Trichomonas, chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureoplasma, urination disorder occurs. At the same time, dysuric disorders are often signs not of cystitis, but of urethritis or cervicitis.
- Viruses. Most often, herpes viruses, polyomaviruses and adenoviruses lead to the development of the disease. Such infectious cystitis occurs mainly in childhood. People with immunodeficiency suffer from viral cystitis.
- Mushrooms. Fungi from the genus Candida, blastomycetes, actinomycetes and some other mycotic infectious agents cause the development of the disease in acquired immunodeficiency.
- Tuberculous cystitis occurs when the kidneys or genitals are infected.
If the human body is healthy, then one hit of an infectious agent into the bladder cavity is often not enough. The mucous membrane of the organ is quite resistant to the penetration of microorganisms. For their negative influence, additional factors are often needed.
These can be:
- Decrease in the body's immune forces;
- Exacerbation of chronic diseases;
- Diseases of the vagina and intestines with changes in their microflora;
- Insufficient production of estrogen;
- Illiterate contraception;
- Inflammatory diseases of organs located in the small pelvis;
- Frequent constipation, etc.
All these factors lead to the fact that the structure of the bladder changes. It becomes looser, which means that it is easier for infections to get deep into the tissues of the organ.
Treatment of infectious cystitis
To get rid of the disease, treatment with drugs will be required. Most often, therapy does not require hospitalization and is carried out in an outpatient clinic. For uncomplicated infection, a three-day course is sufficient.
The following drugs are used for therapy:
- Co-trimoxazole
- Fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin.
- Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin.
- Amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid.
When a complicated infectious disease is observed, then a bacteriological study is necessary. Until the results are obtained, the patient is treated with Co-trimoxazole, if the pathogen gives sensitivity to this agent.
If a woman has two or more relapses a year, then she needs to stop using contraceptives with spermicides. This is due to the fact that they disrupt the microflora of the vagina, which increases the risk of infection of the bladder.
If a woman is in the postmenopausal period, then as a preventive measure she is recommended to use vaginal suppositories with estrogen. In addition, the doctor selects immunostimulating drugs that help reduce the frequency of relapses of the disease.
The effect of treatment will be reduced if the woman does not follow a specific diet. It boils down to the fact that all spicy, sour and spicy dishes are excluded from the menu. Plant food and dairy products should prevail. Drinking plenty of fluids is important. The emphasis should be placed on mineral water without gas, on clean running water, on berry fruit drinks. Treatment is not possible while drinking alcohol. (Read more about the diet for cystitis - what can and cannot be eaten?)
The prognosis for recovery is favorable if the causative agent of the infection was correctly and promptly eliminated. Otherwise, the disease threatens with serious complications, such as: the transition of the disease to a chronic form, the penetration of infection into the kidneys, the development of pyelonephritis. Each of these conditions requires more serious treatment, which will be several times longer than a three-day course for uncomplicated cystitis.
The author of the article: Lapikova Valentina Vladimirovna | Gynecologist, reproductologist
Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N. N. N. I. Pirogova.
