Forms And Types Of Prostatitis - Bacterial, Calculous, Stagnant And Infectious

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Forms and types of prostatitis

Content:

• Acute prostatitis
• Chronic prostatitis
• Bacterial prostatitis
• Calculous prostatitis
• Congestive prostatitis
• Infectious prostatitis
• Purulent prostatitis

The health problems of men in the genitourinary sphere depend on many factors. These can be infections, improper lifestyle, poor nutrition and ecology, weak immunity.

One of the most dangerous ailments of the stronger sex is prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland. Unfortunately, men tend to hide their problems, which is very dangerous, as it is fraught with serious complications, up to and including oncology. That is why, at the slightest signs of malaise in the intimate and genitourinary sphere, a man should urgently consult a doctor for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Prostatitis is classified depending on the cause (bacterial, calculous, stagnant, etc.) and the form of its course (acute and chronic).

According to statistics, more than 80% of cases of the disease are caused by non-bacterial causes. In addition, if earlier it was believed that prostatitis is a disease of most of the elderly men, today this disease is "younger" and increasingly begins to manifest itself in men under 30 years of age.

Acute prostatitis

The name "sharp" speaks for itself. This means that an acute infectious process of the prostate tissue is observed in the body, which is most often caused by microorganisms (bacteria, less often protozoa or fungus). In most cases, the cause is the abnormal multiplication in the body of Escherichia coli, sometimes the infectious agent is amoeba-Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci and other species. Many of the listed microbes are permanent components of the microflora of the body, but sometimes, with a decrease in immunity, they begin to multiply uncontrollably. As a result, an acute process of damage to the prostate occurs.

In the presence of concomitant chronic infections, such as untreated caries, sinusitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pathology of internal organs, hormonal disorders, after recent surgical interventions, the likelihood of contracting prostatitis increases.

The disease develops rapidly. Men can recognize acute prostatitis almost immediately by the following symptoms:

• General malaise (fever, fever, chills, weakness and weakness). The signs are a bit like the beginning of the development of influenza or ARVI.
• Pain syndrome. This includes acute pain in the perineum, groin and anus, pain in the lower back, lower back, radiating to the legs, muscle pain, and also during bowel movements.
• Urinary disorders: difficulty urinating, but frequent, sometimes urinary retention.
• Problems in the intimate sphere (ejaculation disorders, erection).
• Purulent discharge may be observed, most often this occurs in advanced cases.

Diagnostics of the acute prostatitis. Distinguish between focal and diffuse prostatitis, as well as complicated (up to an abscess of nearby tissues and thrombosis of the prostate vessels) and uncomplicated. After examining the patient, the doctor prescribes analyzes of biological fluids for the presence of PSA antigen (a specific protein for prostatitis), a test for genital infections and ultrasound of the pelvis. After that, an accurate diagnosis is made.

Treatment of acute prostatitis. Acute prostatitis requires treatment only in a hospital. In very rare cases, outpatient treatment is allowed, but only in the absence of other infectious diseases and complications, at a young age.

They use modern methods and drugs, which include:

• new generation antibiotics (in the case of a bacterial type of prostatitis);
• anti-inflammatory drugs (effective use of suppositories);
• drugs to reduce edema and restore urine outflow (alpha-1-blockers and alpha-reductase blockers);
• immunomodulators;
• microclysters with medicinal herbs (calendula, chamomile);
• physiotherapy (UHF, ultrasound, magnetotherapy).

For the prevention of prostatitis, proper nutrition, physical activity, and regular sex life with a regular partner are important. It is advisable to avoid hypothermia of the pelvic region and the whole body as a whole.

Taking the necessary measures on time guarantees a complete cure for a patient with acute prostatitis, but in the absence of adequate treatment, complications can occur. The most common is the transition from the acute stage to the chronic form.

Read more: Treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis

Chronic prostatitis

In men of mature age (up to 55 years), in the absence of treatment, chronic prostatitis gives a complication in the form of prostate adenoma. The disease develops gradually, the symptoms are not acutely expressed, and this is its danger.

Chronic prostatitis can be caused both by the penetration of microorganisms into the prostate gland, and by other reasons. It can be congestion in the genital area, age-related changes. Often, even after the infection is completely cured, the prostate is attacked by its own immune system. This can happen in cases where a man's body is exposed to various risk factors, namely:

• transferred infections of the reproductive system;
• weak immunity;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• stress;
• chronic problems with stool due to improper diet;
• injury to the prostate gland;
• hypothermia;
• smoking.

Often untreated acute prostatitis is the cause of chronic prostatitis. There is also an asymptomatic form, when the presence of pathogenic organisms is not detected, however, the presence of inflammation of the prostate is present.

The symptoms of the chronic form are somewhat different from the acute one. Patient complaints usually include:

• difficulty urinating;
• slight pain in the perineum, discomfort;
• burning sensation, periodic sharp pain in the groin;
• weakness, nervousness, apathy;
• decreased libido.

With exacerbations, the already listed symptoms of acute prostatitis occur.

A reliable result in the diagnosis is provided by laboratory methods, in particular, analysis of the secretion of the prostate and blood for PSA protein, as well as palpation of the gland.

Treatment should not be delayed so that the protracted form does not provoke the development of serious complications, such as cystitis, pyelonephritis, vesiculitis, inflammation of the testicles and further infertility. Perhaps the development of adenoma or even prostate cancer. The following methods are used for treatment:

• Antibiotics;
• Physiotherapy;
• Prostate massage;
• Correct lifestyle, diet;
• Surgical interventions (in advanced cases);
• Traditional methods.

Read more: Chronic prostatitis treatment

In order to prevent chronic prostatitis, acute prostatitis should be completely cured, if it took place. You should not wear tight underwear, do not overcool. A healthy diet and lifestyle, exercise, regular sex life with a regular partner will reduce the chances of contracting an unpleasant disease several times.

Bacterial prostatitis

This type of prostate inflammation can be acute or chronic. It is caused, as the name implies, by various microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Patients develop symptoms characteristic of acute prostatitis; after medical diagnosis, the presence of inflammation and changes in the secretion of the prostate gland, urine and semen is revealed. The diagnosis is established after conducting laboratory research methods.

Bacterial prostatitis is more common in young men (20 to 40 years old). It is quite rare among other types of prostatitis - about 5-10%.

Depressing factors contribute to the development of the disease, namely:

• decreased immunity;
• finding the body in extreme conditions (cold, alcohol abuse, stress);
• low physical activity;
• smoking;
• the penetration of pathogens from the body into the tissues of the prostate gland in the presence of an infection in it or after undergoing operations.

Signs of bacterial prostatitis. Bacterial prostatitis is divided into acute and chronic. In the first case, a number of syndromes are observed:

• general inflammatory (high fever, fever and chills, weakness, muscle pain);
• local inflammatory (pain in the genital area, anus, rectum, perineum);
• violations in the genitourinary sphere (frequent urination and difficulty with it, cramps, erectile dysfunction, etc.);
• the presence of specific changes in urine, blood, and prostate secretions.

In the chronic form of bacterial prostatitis, the symptoms are less pronounced, however, with exacerbations, all of the above symptoms occur.

Treatment of bacterial prostatitis. A complete cure is possible if all the recommendations are followed, the correct adequate treatment, and also if the disease is not started. The main active agent is antibiotics, which are used for an average of 14 days. Your doctor may prescribe fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin), penicillins (amoxicillin), and macrolides (clarithromycin).

In addition to antibiotic therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to relieve pain. If urination is disturbed, adrenergic blockers and alpha-reductase blockers are prescribed. When a patient complains of insomnia, anxiety, antidepressants may additionally be prescribed. Local treatment is not recommended to avoid spreading the infection deeper.

Read More: More About Bacterial Prostatitis

Calculous prostatitis

Calculous prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate due to the presence of stones in it. This type is quite rare and occurs mainly in older men who have neglected the treatment of chronic prostatitis. The stones are composed of inflammatory exudate, prostate secretions, calcium salts and phosphates. Organ stones can be of two types:

• Endogenous - resulting from stagnant processes in the prostate. These stones are small, up to 5 mm, and often go unnoticed without causing any painful symptoms.
• Exogenous - in composition they resemble stones in the kidneys or bladder. The reason is chronic prostatitis, the presence of prostate adenoma.

Symptoms of calculous prostatitis are usually pain in the pelvic organs, sacral spine, and lower back. Aggravated by movement, after sexual contact, with prolonged walking and sitting on an uncomfortable surface. There may be drops of blood in the semen. There are also common prostatitis syndromes such as urinary dysfunction, decreased erection, ejaculation, apathy and irritability.

The doctor diagnoses calculous prostatitis by the general condition of the patient. General blood and urine tests, prostate secretions, organ palpation, ultrasound, PSA protein analysis are prescribed.

Treatment of calculous prostatitis. Complications of calculous prostatitis can lead to infertility, adenoma, impotence, and prostate abscess. To avoid them, timely detection of the disease and treatment are essential.

In the presence of large stones, surgery is likely, but if possible, doctors prefer to do without it. Prescribed, as in chronic prostatitis, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulators, physiotherapy. Massage of the prostate with calculous prostatitis is excluded, as this can provoke a rupture of the outflow tract and other complications. Alternative methods are acceptable as auxiliary ones.

Prevention of the disease means timely check-ups with a urologist, healthy eating, sports, regular sex life, avoiding stress, hypothermia, and fighting bad habits.

Read more: More about calculous prostatitis

Congestive prostatitis

This is a chronic form of a non-infectious nature. It develops as a result of stagnation of blood in the pelvic region (with impaired circulation of the venous system) or stagnation of the secretion of the prostate gland (as a result of an inadequate sex life).

There are no inflammatory changes in the composition of urine, semen and other biological fluids.

There are two types of congestive prostatitis - non-infectious and infectious, but in both cases, the disease develops in the male body gradually and imperceptibly. The symptoms of congestive prostatitis are mild, they include:

• discomfort and pain in the groin, testicles, perineum;
• problems with urination;
• temperature increase;
• general inflammatory syndrome of the body;
• anxiety, depression;
• weak orgasm, deterioration in sperm quality.

Stagnant prostatitis is diagnosed based on the results of the analyzes and examination, as well as the results of the study of the venous vessels in the small pelvis. If no infection is detected, treatment is performed with several groups of medicines:

• drugs that improve blood circulation in the pelvic region and metabolic processes;
• hormonal drugs, muscle relaxants;
• physical procedures;
• prostate massage;
• baths and microclysters with medicinal herbs (chamomile, calendula);
• physiotherapy.

Prevention of the disease is very important so that the first stage does not flow into a chronic form, which is fraught with infertility and other complications. The rejection of bad habits, a healthy and regular intimate life is important. Some doctors recommend masturbation in the absence of a permanent partner: it helps to cleanse the male body and renew the secretion of the prostate, and prevents stagnation.

You should eat right - eat more foods with fiber, lean meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, cereals. Try to use less alcohol in combination with fatty, smoked, fried foods.

Read More: More About Stagnant Prostatitis

Infectious prostatitis

This is an infectious inflammation of the prostate caused by pathogenic microorganisms, most often Escherichia coli (sometimes other pathogens). There are acute and chronic forms. The general clinical picture of infectious prostatitis is similar to bacterial. The difference between infectious and bacterial prostatitis is that the first is caused by bacteria, and the development of the second (much less often) can be provoked by other pathogens, for example, fungi, protozoa.

It occurs more often in young men (20 to 40 years old). It is quite rare among other types of prostatitis (5-10% of all cases).

The causes of the disease are both general (weak immunity, colds, unhealthy lifestyle and other types of risk), and the direct penetration of pathogens into the prostate (from the outside or from other organs in which an infection is detected).

The diagnosis is described in the sections "Acute prostatitis" and "Bacterial prostatitis". Treatment - antibacterial drugs in combination with anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs to reduce edema and restore urine outflow, immuno-correctors and auxiliary methods (folk, microclysters, physiotherapy).

It is imperative to treat infectious prostatitis, since its acute form can smoothly flow into a chronic one, and from here it is not far from infertility, prostate adenoma, stagnation in the genitals, oncology or infertility. Timely destruction of the causative agent of the infection guarantees the complete cure of a man from this insidious disease.

Purulent prostatitis

One of the most severe forms of acute infectious prostatitis is its purulent form. The main symptom for the diagnosis is the discharge of pus from the urogenital opening and the high temperature of the patient.

There are several types of purulent prostatitis:

• Catarrhal - occurs together with ARVI, sore throat, flu with weakened immunity. Symptoms are mild, mostly in the form of pain and frequent urination (symptoms resemble cystitis). Timely start of treatment guarantees a positive effect in just a week.
• Follicular is the second stage of catarrhal prostatitis. It is characterized by the discharge of pus into the prostate, pain and high fever. The treatment lasts longer, but in most cases the effect is positive.
• Parenchymal is a more severe form of purulent prostatitis. Here the patient has a high fever, severe pain, and pus discharge. Treatment gives a positive result, but longer.
• An abscess is an abscess of the prostate tissue. The patient has a fever (up to 39 ° C), sharp pains, a large amount of pus. Treatment should be started immediately, otherwise this stage can lead to serious complications.

Treatment of all stages of purulent prostatitis includes taking antibiotics and concomitant medications to reduce inflammation. Physiotherapy is possible, folk methods using herbs that have anti-inflammatory effects.

At all stages and with all types of prostatitis, in the first place, it is best to deal with the prevention of the disease than to treat it, despite the positive prognosis. A healthy lifestyle, sports and the absence of bad habits will bring only pluses, excellent health and a long active life.

Author of the article: Lebedev Andrey Sergeevich | Urologist

Education: Diploma in the specialty "Andrology" received after completing residency at the Department of Endoscopic Urology of the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education in the urological center of the Central Clinical Hospital No. 1 of JSC Russian Railways (2007). Postgraduate studies were completed here by 2010.