Hyperproteinemia - What Is It And How Is It Treated?

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Hyperproteinemia: Symptoms and Treatment

Hyperproteinemia is a high level of protein in the blood. A similar violation develops in many diseases, for example, with peritonitis, diabetes mellitus, etc.

To determine the level of protein in the blood, it is necessary to donate blood for general and biochemical analysis. There are no other ways to measure it, except for laboratory studies. You need to understand that hyperproteinemia itself does not develop, it is always caused by certain diseases. Therefore, in order to bring the protein level back to normal, you need to find out the reason that provoked this jump. By eliminating it, it will be possible to normalize blood counts.

Content:

• How does hyperproteinemia develop?
• Kinds
• Symptoms of hyperproteinemia
• How to define hyperproteinemia?
• Hyperproteinemia treatment

How does hyperproteinemia develop?

The human body cannot exist without protein. It takes part in the most important biochemical processes, is responsible for blood coagulation, and ensures its normal pressure in the bloodstream. Proteins transport nutrients and trace elements, and globulins provide immune protection.

The reasons leading to the development of relative hyperproteinemia:

• Burns with damage to large areas of the body.
• Peritonitis.
• Intestinal obstruction.
• Profuse and prolonged vomiting.
• Diarrhea.
• Diabetes insipidus.
• Chronic nephritis.
• Ketoacidosis developing against the background of diabetes mellitus.

The reasons that can provoke absolute hyperproteinemia:

• Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's disease. At the same time, the level of total protein in the blood can exceed 120 g / l.
• Hodgkin's disease.
• Heavy chain diseases.
• Chronic polyarthritis.
• Exacerbation of hepatitis.
• Autoimmune pathologies.
• Sarcoidosis
• Cirrhosis of the liver.

All of these conditions pose a threat to human health, as they can cause serious complications. Therefore, they need to be treated in a timely manner.

Kinds

Distinguish between relative and absolute hyperproteinemia. Relative hyperproteinemia is caused by the loss of water in the body, due to which the level of protein in the body becomes higher. It can be provoked by diabetes mellitus, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, etc.

Absolute hyperproteinemia accompanies most infectious diseases in which excessive formation of globulins occurs.

Most often, it is relative hyperproteinemia that is diagnosed in people.

Symptoms of hyperproteinemia

Since hyperproteinemia is not an independent disease, it has no symptoms of its own.

However, it is possible to assume that the level of protein in the blood of a person is increased by the following conditions:

• A person has a massive body burn.
• The patient suffers from prolonged diarrhea, vomiting or constipation.
• The patient is diagnosed with diabetes insipidus, cirrhosis of the liver, or hepatitis.
• The patient complains of increased fatigue and malaise.

• The patient is concerned about pain in the lower back, in the bones, in the area of the right hypochondrium.
• The patient has an increase in body temperature.

In general, the symptoms will depend on what kind of pathology develops in a person. To do this, you need to perform a comprehensive diagnosis.

How to define hyperproteinemia?

To understand that a person has an increased level of protein in the blood, it is necessary to focus on the indicators of his norm.

They depend on the person's age:

• At the age of one month, the protein level is 63-60 g / l.
• From month to year - 44-79 g / l.
• From one to 4 years old - 60-75 g / l.
• 5-7 years old - 53-79 g / l.
• 8-17 years old - 58-79 g / l.
• 22-34 years old - 75-85 g / l.
• 34-74 years - 76-83 g / l.
• Over 75 years old - 69-78 g / l.

Thus, hyperproteinemia is said to be when the level of total protein in the blood exceeds 85 g / l, and the albumin content is 50 g / l.

In order to determine the level of protein in the blood, it is necessary to pass a biochemical blood test. Sometimes it is required to perform a proteinogram, when the total protein is separated into fractions and the quantitative content of albumin, alpha, beta, gamma globulins is calculated. This test is prescribed when the doctor suspects that the patient has myeloma, acute or chronic inflammation of the connective tissue, or an autoimmune disease.

For the results to be as reliable as possible, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• 8 hours before donating blood, you must refuse to eat. You need to go for analysis on an empty stomach.
• The day before the study, you should not overeat, as well as eat foods that contain a large amount of protein.
• You should not drink a lot of water before donating blood.
• It is important to avoid physical activity.

After the doctor has the results of a blood test in his hands, he will be able to understand what kind of diagnostic tests this patient needs to undergo in the future. It is possible that he will need an ultrasound scan of the liver, kidneys or other internal organs.

Hyperproteinemia treatment

Treatment of hyperproteinemia is based on the cause of the symptom.

So, in case of multiple myeloma, chemotherapy is carried out using alkylating drugs and glucocorticoids. Hodgkin's disease requires radiation and chemotherapy. For autoimmune pathologies, glucocorticosteroids are prescribed.

To reduce fluid loss, the patient needs to drink as much water as possible. If dehydration cannot be eliminated, then intravenous fluids are needed. It is imperative to act on the cause that caused the diarrhea or vomiting. However, regardless of it, the patient should adhere to a diet that will not overload his body with proteins.

Preventive measures are reduced to the timely treatment of infectious diseases, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and sufficient physical activity.

The author of the article: Shutov Maxim Evgenievich | Hematologist

Education: In 2013 he graduated from the Kursk State Medical University and received a diploma "General Medicine". After 2 years, completed residency in the specialty "Oncology". In 2016 completed postgraduate studies at the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N. I. Pirogov.