Diffuse Changes In The Renal Parenchyma - Cyst Of The Renal Parenchyma, Thinning Of The Parenchyma

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Renal parenchyma changes

Diffuse changes in the renal parenchyma

The kidney is covered with a connective capsule, which consists of a specific tissue, urine excretion and storage system. Specific tissue is a group of cells consisting of the medulla and cortex. The parenchyma of the kidney is formed by this group of cells and has the ability to restore. To determine the state of the renal parenchyma, CT and ultrasound studies are used.

Diffuse changes in the renal parenchyma occur for several reasons. This may be the initial stage of the progression of urolithiasis, the formation of plaques in the area of the pyramids that transform into kidney stones. Hyperechoic inclusions can represent these changes, and in some cases it is associated with renal vessels or adipose tissue. Only comprehensive studies of the organ can determine diseases.

The renal parenchyma can be affected by numerous benign and malignant formations. Among benign tumors, adenoma, oncocyotma, and angiomyolipoma are considered common. Malignant tumors include kidney cancer. Symptoms accompanying tumor processes separate renal and extrarenal, but they manifest themselves in almost the same way. Among the typical symptoms, the presence of blood in the urine, soreness in the hypochondrium, palpable, are distinguished.

It should be noted that the same symptoms may occur in other diseases affecting the renal parenchyma. The disease is acute and chronic. Diffuse damage to the parenchyma is observed in the chronic form of pyeloniphritis.

The detection of asymmetry in the size of the shadows of the kidneys, deformation of the pyelocaliceal system, irregularities in the contours, an uneven decrease in the thickness of the renal parenchyma indicates chronic pyelonephritis and means that the pathological process has gone too far. History of acute pyelitis, cystitis, signs of acute urinary tract infection.

Renal parenchymal cyst

With fluid retention in the nephrons, a solitary or simple kidney cyst occurs. A simple kidney cyst is represented by a single thin-walled formation that develops from the renal parenchyma. Has an oval or round shape, contains serous or hemorrhagic fluid. The size of a simple cyst is no more than 8-10 cm, huge cysts can contain up to 10 liters of fluid. Timely elimination of the cyst or its emptying promotes rapid recovery, saving the kidney is possible due to the high plastic properties of its parenchyma.

When diagnosing a multilocular kidney cyst, one can see that its parenchyma is subject to cystic-dysplastic changes. It looks like a multi-chamber cyst, clear boundaries are expressed, this can lead to cystic forms of cancer. Diagnostic measures begin with X-ray, screening (ultrasound) research methods. Computed tomography and percutaneous puncture cystography are performed. Surgical interventions are performed mainly in young and middle-aged patients.

Of the several methods for getting rid of cysts, the method of puncture of the kidney cyst under ultrasound guidance is practiced. This method of treatment consists in puncturing the cyst with a needle, removing the contents and injecting a special substance into its cavity that glues the walls of the cyst. Laparoscopic excision of the walls of the cyst is also used, i.e., the removal of cystic formation in any zone of the organ.

Symptoms of a simple kidney cyst are dull pain in the hypochondrium or lower back, palpation of a mass in the lumbar region, high blood pressure and total hematuria (presence of blood in the urine). In congenital polycystic kidney disease, therapeutic symptomatic treatment is preferable, preventing further cyst growth, contributing to the preservation of kidney function for as long as possible. The most fundamental way to get rid of polycystic disease is to postpone the kidney transplant.

Thinning of the renal parenchyma

Thinning of the renal parenchyma can be caused by various anomalies, including previous infections or improperly selected treatment methods. Therefore, all diseases related to the genitourinary system should be treated in a timely manner, carefully and it is desirable to constantly carry out preventive measures. The thickness of the renal parenchyma in young people is 1.5-2.5 cm. It also becomes thinner with age; in people over 60 years of age, its thickness does not exceed 1.1 cm.

As a result of thinning of the renal parenchyma, the size of the kidneys also decreases. The thickness of the renal parenchyma decreases in chronic renal diseases accompanied by organ shrinkage.

Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".