Submucous uterine myoma
Content:
- Submucous uterine myoma - is it scary?
- Symptoms of submucous uterine fibroids
- Causes of submucous uterine fibroids
- Treatment of submucous uterine fibroids
Submucous uterine fibroids are one of the types of fibroids located under the endometrium (the lining of the uterus). It grows towards the uterine cavity.
As for statistics, these neoplasms account for up to 32% of all myomas. The pathology mainly affects women who have not entered the climacteric period.
Submucous uterine myoma - is it scary?
To hear from a doctor the diagnosis of "submucous myoma" in the very recent past was a verdict for women of reproductive age. This meant that she had an operation, during which the uterus would be removed, which means that the opportunity to have children was lost. Therefore, there is still a strong fear about this disease.
Modern medicine has reached the level when submucous myoma is not an unambiguous indication for removal of the fetus. Surgical intervention is carried out in such a way that the uterus remains in the woman's body, which means that it will be capable of procreation. This became possible thanks to the advent of endoscopic and laparoscopic myomectomy. Therefore, it is important to understand that submucous myoma is not at all scary, but treatment must be started immediately.
Symptoms of submucous uterine fibroids
The development of the pathological process can be suspected based on the following clinical picture:
- A woman's menses become longer, the volume of discharge increases, and blood clots appear in them. Such bleeding can lead to the development of iron deficiency anemia, which is associated with profuse blood loss. The situation is aggravated by intermittent intermenstrual blood loss.
- Large fibroids can compress both the bladder and the intestines. This leads to problems with the functioning of the organs, which is expressed in constipation and frequent urge to urinate. The situation can be aggravated by the addition of an infection, for example, the development of pyelonephritis.
- The pains are cramping in nature, localized mainly at the level of the uterus, that is, in the lower abdomen. They can radiate to the lumbar region.
- The abdomen can increase in volume, which occurs with an accelerated increase in tumor size.
- The woman experiences a general malaise, which is aggravated by the symptoms of anemia.
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Often it is this type of fibroid that leads to the inability to conceive a child. If pregnancy does occur, then the threat of miscarriage increases significantly.
Submucous myoma has a distinctive feature - it grows very quickly and increases in size. Therefore, the clinical picture is more vivid than, for example, with subserous myoma.
Causes of submucous uterine fibroids
Among the reasons leading to the development of education are:
- Hormonal disorders.
- Excessive and prolonged physical activity.
- Frequent stress.
- Some chronic infections, including: tonsillitis, pyelonephritis.
- Disorders in the endocrine system, in particular, problems with the functioning of the thyroid and adrenal glands.
- Diabetes mellitus, overweight.m
- Lack of pregnancies in women under the age of 30.
- Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary sphere.
- Long-term use of hormonal contraceptives.
Treatment of submucous uterine fibroids
In order to determine the presence of pathology and the type of myoma, a woman will need to undergo hysteroscopy and ultrasound of the uterus. If a submucous formation is found, the patient will be offered its surgical removal. It should be understood that surgery is the most effective way to get rid of submucous fibroids. If you refuse surgery at the early stages of tumor detection, then the likelihood that a hysterectomy will be required in the future, that is, removal of the tumor along with the uterus, increases.
Doctors, whenever possible, try to preserve the woman's reproductive function and practice a more gentle method of removing the tumor - myomectomy. But the implementation of surgical intervention is possible only if the size of the tumor is small. When they reach 12 weeks of pregnancy, hormone therapy will be required before surgery. It will help the knot to shrink in size and can be removed.
Among the hormonal drugs used to reduce the size of fibroids, the most commonly used are antigonadotropins and gonadotropic releasing hormone agonists. Antigonadotropins (for example, Gestrinone) are used when the node is small and has the purpose of stopping its growth while preparation for surgery is in progress.
GnRT agonists (for example, Triptorelin, Zoladex, Goserelin, Buserelin) contribute to the fact that the node decreases in size, while reducing pain, stops uterine bleeding. After such preparation, the woman goes to the operation.
On the subject: List of drugs used for uterine fibroids
Surgical intervention
Modern methods of removing submucous fibroids are as follows:
- Embolization of the uterine arteries (consists in limiting the supply of the uterine node and its resorption), the essence of which boils down to the introduction of a special substance using a catheter:
- Laparotomic myomectomy, which consists in removing the node through an incision in the anterior part of the peritoneum;
- Laparoscopic myomectomy is a minimally invasive technique, performed using a laparoscope;
- Hysteroresectoscopy, when the tumor is removed with a hysteroscope;
- Hysterectomy consists in removing both the node and the uterus at the same time;
- FUS ablation is a treatment with ultrasound waves, but it will not be possible to get pregnant after such treatment.
On the subject: Do you need an operation? / Treatment without surgery - 3 modern methods
A woman needs to understand that even after a successful operation, there is always a risk of a relapse of the disease. Therefore, one should not forget about regular preventive examinations and an ultrasound scan. This will allow early detection of the tumor and reduce the risk of developing serious complications.
The author of the article: Lapikova Valentina Vladimirovna | Gynecologist, reproductologist
Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N. N. N. I. Pirogova.
