2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43
Chaliazion
Causes and symptoms of chalazion, diagnosis and prevention
Definition of chalazion
Chalazion (hail) - swelling of the eyelid caused by blockage of the sebaceous (meibomian) gland and the accumulation of fluid in it. It can appear on the eyelids of both eyes, often visually resembles barley, but its difference is in the chronic course. This pathology is observed in adults and children. The meibomian glands are branched sebaceous glands located deep in the cartilage of the upper and lower eyelids. These are the excretory ducts that open at the lash line.
During normal functional activity, they produce a fatty secretion that moisturizes the tear film and lubricates the corneas and edges of the eyelids, reducing friction between the edge of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye during blinking. The blockage leads to the accumulation of fatty secretion in the duct, the gland increases in size and a capsule forms.
If the chalazion does not open and bothers the person for a long period, then a cyst may form, which is very dangerous for the body. Basically, the pathology develops slowly. The first sign is that a swollen eyelid becomes noticeable after 2 weeks. Basically, the chalazion is distinguished by a benign chronic course. The disease may appear even after the end of treatment.
Chalazion reasons
Chalazion develops during hypothermia, this happens in winter, after swimming in the cold water of the pool, etc. Blockage of the gland is a consequence of barley or blepharitis. The reasons for the changes include a decrease in immunity, the presence of colds, and poor personal hygiene.
Wearing contact lenses causes clogging of the gland. There are many causes of the disease, it is believed that increased skin fatness, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, chronic gastritis or enterocolitis, biliary dyskinesia and changes in hormonal levels lead to inflammation.
Chalazion symptoms
Chalazion is manifested by painful sensations from touching the eyelid, local redness in the conjunctival zone. The acute period may be characterized by suppuration, excessive tissue growth (granulation), redness of the eyelid skin, spontaneous opening and discharge of pus through a fistula are found.
Reduced vision does not depend on the disease, but with a large size, the lump has a mechanical effect on the cornea and this can affect vision and the development of eye astigmatism. The course of the disease is accompanied only by the appearance of a rounded formation at the edge of the upper or lower eyelid.
Types of chalazion
Clinically, the chalazion of the lower or upper eyelid appears as a limited swelling, which becomes more noticeable over time in the cartilaginous tissue of the eyelid. Sometimes a chalazion affecting the lower eyelid is extended towards the conjunctiva. The skin in the area of occlusion remains unchanged.
The tumor may not progress in growth, then its independent resorption is possible. If it increases in volume, it will accordingly touch the conjunctiva and lead to the appearance of a mushroom-like granuloma.
Diagnostics and treatment of chalazion
Chalazion is diagnosed without instruments and testing, with a visual examination of the eyelids by a doctor. Usually, patients complain of the appearance of a mass in the form of a ball, redness of the eyelid and rarely made blinking movements. Chalazion treatment should be started immediately after its detection. An early visit to a doctor eliminates surgical intervention.
Initial lesions can be treated at home after consulting a doctor. Home treatment is limited to the use of dry, warm compresses and light eyelid massage. In a polyclinic - UHF therapy.
But in the presence of symptoms of inflammation, treatment with heat is strictly prohibited, since an abscess or phlegmon of the eyelid may develop, requiring urgent medical attention. The appointment of procedures and drugs is carried out depending on the severity of pathological changes. The early development of chalazion is treated with eye drops and yellow mercury eye ointment.
The later stage of the disease requires the use of resorbable corticosteroid injections. They are injected with a thin needle into the cavity of the resulting capsule. Antibacterial and disinfecting ointments and drops such as sodium sulfacil, ofloxacin, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, levofloxacin, tetracycline ointment are distinguished among the means of quick help.
An excellent effect is noted for ointments, for example, maxitrol, which, in addition to the antibiotic, contains a steroidal anti-inflammatory substance. In the absence of the effect of therapeutic methods, an operation is performed to remove the chalazion. The operation is performed under local anesthesia and takes only 15-20 minutes. The chalazion is opened from the side of the skin, at the end 1-2 sutures are applied or from the side of the conjunctiva.
After operational manipulations, a pressure bandage is applied to the eye for 5-7 days, drops or ointment are applied daily for 7 days to relieve inflammation. In case of fistula formation, an incision is made along its course, and the transformed tissue is incised, after which sutures are applied. In case of relapses of the disease at the site of surgery, the tissue is taken for examination in order to exclude a malignant formation in the meibomian gland. In the course of treatment, it is necessary to identify concomitant diseases that contribute to the development of this pathology.
Prevention of chalazion
Remember that chalazion can change the appearance of the face. The resulting defect under or above the eyelid interferes with the normal function of the eyelid and, moreover, does not look attractive. Compliance with hygiene, the use of seasonal clothing that protects against hypothermia, bathing in water with an acceptable temperature, the use of vitamins is a guarantee of eye health.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
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