Anemia Of The 2nd Degree - What Is It? Symptoms And Treatment

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Grade 2 anemia

Anemia is a pathology of hematopoiesis, which refers to a condition of moderate severity. Popularly, this disease is better known as anemia. More often than others, it is precisely grade 2 anemia that occurs. This violation is manifested by a whole complex of various symptoms. Both adults and children are prone to anemia.

Content:

• Why does grade 2 anemia develop?
• Symptoms of grade 2 anemia
• What does a person feel with second degree anemia?
• Diagnosis of grade 2 anemia
• How is grade 2 anemia treated?

Why does grade 2 anemia develop?

Moderate anemia develops against the background of a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood. It is hemoglobin that is responsible for gas exchange in the body, carrying oxygen to organs and tissues, from which it removes carbon dioxide, which is a product of processing. The consequence of hemoglobin deficiency is organ hypoxia, that is, their oxygen starvation. As a result, they are unable to perform their functions normally.

Various reasons can provoke second degree anemia, including:

• Power supply errors. If a person does not receive iron from food, then this can provoke the development of anemia. The incidence of this type of disorder is reduced in people who treat their diet carefully, thinking over their own menu according to the rules of proper nutrition.
• A disturbance in the work of the digestive system and various diseases of the digestive tract lead to the fact that iron from food cannot be fully absorbed into the blood. The more severe the illness, the faster the anemia will progress.
• Chronic bleeding is a common factor in the development of anemia.

It is the lack of such an important trace element as iron in the body that causes the development of anemia. Moreover, it may simply not come from food, or it may be difficult for the body to absorb.

The pathogenesis of anemia is quite simple. First, an iron deficiency develops in the body, which entails a hemoglobin deficiency with further hypoxia of internal organs.

Symptoms of grade 2 anemia

Many people, noticing in themselves an increase in fatigue and a decrease in performance, think about what this means in an adult and how to restore their physical activity. To begin with, you should listen to your body and figure out if it still gives any signals that may indicate grade 2 anemia.

In addition to constant fatigue, this disorder can be expressed by the following symptoms:

• General malaise.
• Weakness that is not related to exercise.
• Increased heart rate, irregularities in his rhythm.
• Shortness of breath, respiratory failure.
• The appearance of noise in the ears.
• Dizziness, which is accompanied by the appearance of small spots before the eyes and a sharp darkening in the eyes.
• Depression and apathy.
• Taste perversions in which a person has a desire to eat foods that are not characteristic of a normal diet, for example, clay or earth.
• The skin becomes very pale, possibly yellowing. Bruises appear under the eyes.
• The liver and spleen can grow in size.

With anemia of the second degree, the hemoglobin level decreases to 70-90 g / l.

What does a person feel with second degree anemia?

The general well-being of a person is deteriorating, which is characterized by the following disorders:

• All the usual work that a person previously performed now becomes extremely difficult for him. This is due to increased weakness and fatigue. In addition, tachycardia and shortness of breath, which are especially noticeable after physical exertion, contribute to a deterioration in well-being. The heart is forced to work in an intensified mode in order to provide the organs suffering from hypoxia with blood containing oxygen.
• Depression worsens as quality of life continues to decline. Noise may appear in the ears, occasional dizziness attacks occur, sleep worsens, concentration and memory suffer.
• Appetite is lost or distorted. Any dishes seem to taste unpleasant, you want to replace them with something unusual, for example, chalk or flour.

• The appearance of a person suffers: the skin becomes pale and dry, cracks appear on the lips, "seizures" form in the corners of the mouth, which are distinguished by a long course.
• As the disease progresses, a person begins to suffer from edema, since, in addition to heart problems, he has impaired kidney function.

Of course, all the described malfunctions in the body do not occur at one moment, they progress gradually, along with how the course of anemia worsens.

Diagnosis of grade 2 anemia

A person should decide what to do next with his health not on his own, but with the help of a specialist. The doctor already during the first examination may suspect anemia in the patient.

However, assumptions alone are not enough, therefore the patient is prescribed a comprehensive examination, which will include:

• General urine analysis, which will assess the amount of excreted bilirubin.
• A blood test that measures the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Many readers will be interested in when they diagnose grade 2 anemia, that is, a low level of hemoglobin is how much? If its values fall below 90 mg / l, but not lower than 70 mg / l, then such indicators indicate moderate iron deficiency anemia.
• Determination of the level of free hemoglobin and bilirubin allows a biochemical blood test.
• An ultrasound of the internal organs is performed to assess their condition. As a rule, with the second degree of anemia, the liver and spleen increase in size, pathological changes in the kidneys, intestines and stomach are possible.
• Women visit a gynecologist who diagnoses the reproductive system. Sometimes anemia develops against the background of uterine bleeding.
• EGD of the stomach and intestines reveals hidden internal bleeding.

A bone marrow biopsy is done to assess its condition. This procedure is prescribed if the anemia is severe.

How is grade 2 anemia treated?

To get rid of anemia of 2 severity, the patient is admitted to a hospital, although therapy is sometimes practiced on an outpatient basis. First of all, it is necessary to identify the cause that led to a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Basic principles of treatment of moderate anemia:

• Detection of the source of bleeding and its elimination, if any.
• Taking iron supplements. The dose and the specific medicine are selected on an individual basis.
• Appointment of vitamin and mineral complexes.
• Blood transfusion is performed when drugs cannot raise the hemoglobin level.
• In severe cases, hormonal drugs are used.
• Spleen removal and bone marrow transplant are also cardinal treatments.

Most often, grade 2 anemia is accompanied by a deficiency of vitamins of group B. Therefore, the patient may be shown the introduction of vitamins B12 and B6. In addition, folic acid and ascorbic acid are administered orally. The doctor selects the dose, he also determines the duration of treatment.

Useful articles on the restoration of hemoglobin in the blood:

• List of iron supplements in the treatment of anemia
• Diet and nutrition for anemia
• Home treatment for anemia (effective and proven recipes)
• TOP 5 products to increase hemoglobin in the blood
• Which doctor should I contact for anemia?

Diet therapy for grade 2 anemia

Treatment must be complemented by diet.

The diet includes foods such as:

• Animal liver, red meat.
• Legumes.
• Fresh fruits and vegetables.
• Fermented milk drinks.
• Dried fruits and nuts.
• Juices: pomegranate, tomato, orange, apple and beetroot.
• Chocolate and cocoa.

It is imperative that the patient spend a sufficient amount of time in the fresh air, walking, if his health allows it. The daily routine should be adjusted, stress and anxiety should be minimized.

As a rule, grade 2 anemia lends itself well to therapeutic effects if treated by specialists.

The author of the article: Shutov Maxim Evgenievich | Hematologist

Education: In 2013 he graduated from the Kursk State Medical University and received a diploma "General Medicine". After 2 years, completed residency in the specialty "Oncology". In 2016 completed postgraduate studies at the National Medical and Surgical Center named after N. I. Pirogov.