Causes and symptoms of eczema in children
Eczema in children is a serious allergic skin inflammation that is very difficult in children. It usually occurs due to various metabolic disorders or severe deviations that do not correspond to the age-related diet. This disease is very common in babies from two months to about five years old. Eczema in young children is characterized by severe itching, burning, and a fairly extensive rash on the body. It brings a lot of suffering to every child, regardless of its location.
Causes of eczema in children
Experts consider a genetic predisposition as one of the main reasons for the development of such a disease in babies. Usually, if one of the relatives suffers from chronic eczema, then the risk of this disease in the offspring increases greatly. However, for these dermal inflammations to manifest themselves, a kind of push is required.
The provoking factors include severe stress, irritating skin care products, all kinds of acute allergic reactions, as well as serious diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract and other internal organs. Additional causes of eczema are a sharp weakening of the immune system and metabolic disorders.
The most common cases of rashes in children in the first year of life, about the age of six months. An immature gastric tract and baby's thin skin are very sensitive to various allergens. In addition, severe hormonal changes during adolescence also provoke the appearance of rashes, both in boys and girls.
Symptoms of eczema in children
Eczema is divided into several types: microbial, seborrheic and true. Children often show the true form of the disease in an acute form. Bright red skin rashes are the first symptom of the disease. Many small bubbles are localized first in the face area, then spread to the bends of the arms and legs. Then the vesicles burst and small punctate erosions form with typical serous exudate. After a while, these erosions become covered with scales and crusts, forming extensive foci of inflammation.
With subacute true eczema, weeping erosion, swelling of the epidermis and burning are characteristic. Often, the color of the foci of inflammation becomes bluish-pink. Then infiltration joins the itching. Over the course of a certain amount of time, the symptoms may disappear, and later reappear under the influence of a specific provoking factor.
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It can be noted that chronic true eczema before the period of hormonal changes in the body is constantly exacerbated in the vitamin-free autumn-winter period. At other times, the baby does not bother with bubbles and itching.
Dangerous seborrheic eczema strongly affects the areas of the baby's body where there is an accumulation of sebaceous glands. Rashes are usually visible on the face and scalp. In infancy and during puberty, this disease is most common. It is a raised yellowish or yellowish-brownish plaque. At the same time, a strong layering of oily scales is noted. When merging with each other, such scales form a kind of ring-shaped outlines.
Ordinary microbial eczema often occurs against the background of serious damage to the body by streptococcal or staphylococcal infection. In many cases, this is due to a weakened immune system. Microbial eczema is manifested by scaly erosions that are covered with crusts. The localization of foci of inflammation can be different.
How to relieve a child of eczema?
When confirming the diagnosis, the dermatologist must definitely find out the cause of the baby's eczema. For babies, the mother's diet should be reviewed. With artificial feeding, the mixtures used must be replaced with analogues. Older preschoolers will need to exclude allergenic foods or direct contact with a provoking factor from the menu. In addition, it is advisable not to feed the child with meat broths, spicy dishes, milk chocolate and cocoa, as well as citruses.
The baby's clothes should also be reviewed. Any items made of synthetic fabrics should not come into contact with the baby's skin, and the seams should not chafe sensitive areas. Throw away tight clothing in time. Depending on the type of eczema and the specific concomitant illness, the doctor may prescribe medication, consisting of antipruritics, sedatives, antihistamines, and immunomodulators.
Expectant mothers should know that in order to prevent the development of eczema in a newborn, it is necessary to eat properly throughout pregnancy, and then during breastfeeding. Prevent your child from sweating a lot and keep the house at an acceptable temperature. For washing children's clothes, you need to use special powders. To prevent your child from scratching their wounds, trim their nails short.
The author of the article: Sokolova Praskovya Fedorovna | Pediatrician
Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" received at the Volgograd State Medical University. A specialist certificate was immediately received in 2014.
