Plum Varieties - TOP-7 Best Plum Varieties, List With Names

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

List of plum varieties with names and photos

Plum is a fruit crop, a place for which every amateur gardener finds on his personal plot. If you choose the right variety, plums can be grown in most regions of Russia. Breeders have created a large number of winter-hardy varieties and hybrids, zoned for the conditions of a long frosty winter. This fruit crop is relatively fast-growing, which means that a few years after planting, you can count on the first significant harvest.

A variety of varieties with fruits of various colors and ripening periods, unpretentious care, make plum one of the most common crops in amateur and industrial gardens. For the middle lane, it is preferable to choose plum varieties with early and medium-early ripening periods, so that the peak of fruiting ends before the first frost.

Content:

• 7 best varieties of plums
• Early varieties of plum
• Mid-season varieties
• Late plum varieties
• Yellow plum varieties
• Chinese plum
• Other varieties of plum
• How to choose the right plum sapling?
• Basic requirements for seedlings
• Rules for the transportation and storage of seedlings
• conclusions

7 best varieties of plums

These varieties are distinguished by increased resistance to diseases and pests, good winter hardiness and dessert fruit taste.

1. Fast-growing. An early variety, ripening by 1-2 decades of August, has exceptional frost resistance. The variety is not affected by fruit rot, has an increased resistance to major diseases and pests of stone fruit crops. Fruits of a reddish hue with yellow sweet pulp weighing up to 30 g. Plum of this variety tolerates drought, during the period of lack of moisture, neither growth nor fruiting suffer.
2. Yakhontovaya. Plum of this variety has excellent frost resistance and resistance to insect pests and diseases of fruit crops. Fruits of yellow color have a light waxy bloom, pronounced sweet and sour taste, reach a mass of 30 g. Plum of the Yakhontovaya variety is drought-resistant, for 3 years after planting, 50 kg of fruits can be harvested from the tree.
3. Tula black. The variety is characterized by a high level of immunity to the main diseases and pests of stone fruit crops, taste and frost resistance are somewhat lower than those of previous crops. The main purpose of dark blue fruits of sweet and sour taste is to use for preparations, preparation of dried fruits. The fruit ripens in mid-September.

4. Chinese. A winter-hardy variety with a medium early ripening (mid-September) has a high immunity to pests and diseases of fruit trees. The variety has large, red fruits weighing up to 70 g with a delicate sweet taste.
5. Blue gift. The sweet fruits of this variety weigh a little - only 15 g. They ripen in 1-2 ten days of August, the tree is frost-resistant, rarely exposed to diseases.
6. Giant. Delicate fruits of this variety correspond to the name - they reach a weight of 110 g, have a pleasant taste, sweet without sugary. Trees of this variety are not resistant to fungal diseases, winter hardiness is low.
7. Stanley. An old variety of American selection, popular today. Located in the state register of the Russian Federation, it is recommended for cultivation in the south of Russia. Medium-sized trees reach a height of 3 m and have a sparse crown. Large and very large fruits of dark purple and green color are covered with a waxy coating. The pulp of this variety is sweet, dense and aromatic, the stone is separated. The purpose of the variety is to use it as a dessert, for drying for future use, for homemade preparations.

All of the above varieties of plum are distinguished by their early maturity (getting the first harvest from the third year of life), good yield. They are used as a dessert or raw material for preparations: preparation of compote, jam, jam, pastilles, etc. Plums of these varieties are transportable, that is, they are suitable for transportation over long distances.

Yakhontova

Tula black

Chinese

Blue gift

Giant

Stanley

Early varieties of plum

Early ripening varieties are attractive for commercial harvest use, as the harvest can be sold profitably.

• July. Plums of this variety are used as a dessert and for preparations. The ripening period of red fruits with yellow and sweet pulp is the end of July. The yield is 12 kg per tree, the first harvest is taken already at the 3rd year of the tree's life. The average weight of ovoid fruits is 30 g. The tree has an average height, average leafiness, shoots take an arched shape. Plum of this variety prefers abundant sunlight throughout the day and moderate soil moisture.
• Zarechnaya early. The ripening period for large blue fruits of this variety is mid-July. Fruit pulp is yellow, has a pleasant sour taste, plums are covered with a waxy coating. The tree of the Zarechnaya early variety bears fruit regularly, from 3-4 years of age, the average yield is 15 kg per tree. The purpose of the fruits is to be used as raw materials for blanks.
• Fast-growing. The variety has increased winter hardiness, the fruit ripening period is late July-early August. Small fruits with red skin are transportable, have aromatic juicy pulp. The yield of the variety is 10 kg per tree, the Skoroplodnaya plum begins to bear fruit at 4 years of age. The purpose of the fruit is to be used as a dessert.

Zarechnaya early

Early

Mid-season varieties

Plums of medium ripening always find their connoisseurs among gardeners, as they have a bright color and rich taste. The aromatic fruits are most often used for harvesting and home winemaking.

• Souvenir of the East. The table variety obtained as a result of selection work is characterized by a high yield (up to 40 kg per tree) and large, beautiful fruits with crispy, sweet pulp. The crown of the tree is low, located at a height of no more than 2.5 m. The color of large fruits is dark blue, weight - up to 40 g, the color of the pulp is yellow. The purpose of the crop is to use it as a dessert, technical processing.
• Romain. Used in amateur gardens, ripens in the 2nd decade of August. The variety is distinguished by regular fruiting, has a reddish foliage. High quality fruits of medium size (up to 25 g), have a red skin and the same color pulp. Used for dessert and for processing for the winter.

Romain

Late plum varieties

Most often they are used for conservation and harvesting for the winter in the form of dried fruits, they have good frost resistance. Gardeners of the middle lane and northern regions should be selective in the choice of late-ripening varieties, since they can lose most of the harvest due to early September frosts.

• The president. The ripening period is mid-September, the tree of this variety is extremely productive, with good care you can get from 40 to 70 kg of large blue fruits with juicy yellow pulp. The purpose of the fruits is universal, suitable for obtaining prunes, long-term storage and transportation.
• Empress The tree of this variety is tall, up to 4 m in height, ripening period is 2-3 decades of September. Plum of this variety begins to bear fruit at 4-5 years of age. It gives about 20 kg of dark purple large fruits with yellow and juicy pulp (up to 50 g). Purpose - processing and procurement.

Empress

Yellow plum varieties

Plum of yellow varieties resembles cherry plum in color, but these two crops are fundamentally different from each other, both in taste and in appearance.

• Egg. This tree variety perfectly adapts to unfavorable weather conditions. Large, round fruits of mediocre taste ripen in late August-early September. They cannot be stored for a long time, they deteriorate already 4-5 days after collection. The beginning of fruiting occurs at the 6th year of the tree's life. The purpose of the fruit is processing for canning.
• Altai Jubilee. It takes root equally well both in the south and in the northern regions. The early ripening variety has small yellow-red fruits with a juicy friable pulp. The beginning of fruiting is the 3rd year of the tree's life. It is susceptible to chlorosis and pest attacks. Plum of this variety is not transportable over a long distance.
• Honey white. The taste of the fruit is true to its name, its pulp is juicy and sweet. Tall tree (up to 5 m), early ripening, round, medium-sized fruits. The variety has a high yield, winter hardiness.

Altai Jubilee

Honey white

Chinese plum

This culture is a rarity in our gardens. Its fruits are attractive and appetizing. The Chinese inhabitant is ecologically clean, more frost-resistant, early in fruiting. This type of plum is characterized by an unusual flowering: the crown is covered with a dense ball of inflorescences, giving a spectacular and uniqueness to the landscape. The flowering period falls on rainy, cool weather, so flowers that are not able to self-pollinate do not receive the help of insects. To solve this problem, cherry plum should be planted next to the Chinese plum, it is a reliable pollinator. The fruits of the plant are red or yellow, heart-shaped. The pulp is juicy, with an adherent bone and a special taste.

Sorts of Chinese plum: "Red ball", "Skoroplodnaya", "Red meat", "Golden ball", "Yubileynaya", "Seedling Shiro". The "Golden Ball" tastes like pineapple.

Other varieties of plum

The wide range of plum varieties offered by breeders allows the selection of seedlings for different climates.

• Top hit is a late-ripening variety with large egg-shaped fruits (up to 80 g) with tasty pulp with a slight acidity.
• Generalskaya is a frost-resistant variety for technical purposes, has small red fruits with soft pulp, which makes them non-transportable. Low-growing trees are frost-hardy, they are distinguished by abundant flowering at the end of May.
• Morning - the variety has medium-sized green-yellow fruits with yellow juicy pulp.
• Nenka is a high-yielding and frost-resistant variety with medium-sized fruits (up to 22 g). The tree is medium-sized, the crown has a wide pyramidal shape.
• Alyonushka is a variety derived from the Chinese plum, so the leaves of a tree with a spherical crown look like peach leaves. The sweet large fruits of dark pink color have an inseparable pit.
• Chemal large - a fast-growing variety, yields a harvest for 3-4 years, frost-resistant, needs pollinating varieties. Both the buds and the wood are frost-resistant; the tree needs sufficient watering.
• Spike-shaped blue suite is a high-yielding mid-season variety with juicy and sweet fruits weighing up to 60 g. The crown of the tree is compact.
• Red ball is a dessert variety of large-fruited plum with rounded red fruits with juicy, light yellow pulp. The tree is medium-sized, up to 2.5 m tall, the fruits are transportable.
• Eurasia 21 is a tall tree with red-burgundy juicy and sweet-sour fruits with a waxy coating. Fruit weight up to 35 g.
• Tula black (Bryansk late) is a fruitful, self-fertile variety with an average ripening period. It has medium frost resistance, dark blue oval fruits with reddish flesh.
• The blue gift is a mid-season, self-fertile, high-yielding variety. Large fruits have excellent taste, dark purple color.
• Early ripening red - early maturing self-fertile variety of national selection ripens in August. Oval fruits with sweet firm pulp are purple in color.
• Oda is an unpretentious early ripening variety, even on loamy soil, gives high yields. Requires the introduction of a large amount of organic matter and sufficient watering. The undersized tree is annually strewn with purple fruits with a fleshy sweet and sour pulp.
• Kuban legend - a medium-sized tree has a pyramidal crown. Egg-shaped red-violet fruits with green flesh reach a weight of 35 g.
• Vikana - the variety is zoned for the northwestern regions. A stunted tree has a thin, weeping crown. The mass of oval burgundy fruits reaches 25 g, their stone is easily separated from the pulp. Plum is suitable for both dessert and canning.
• Valor is a mid-season variety of Canadian selection. Large egg-shaped blue fruits with juicy greenish-creamy flesh reach a mass of 50 g.
• Memory Timiryazev - a medium-sized tree with a weeping crown has oval juicy fruits with yellowish pulp. Plum stone with lilac skin is easily separated from the pulp.
• Hungarian is a transportable variety intended for the production of prunes. The dark red oval fruit has a sweet, sucrose firm flesh. The bone is easily detached.
• Mirabelle - plums of this variety are similar to cherry plum, but unlike it, they have a sweet pulp and an easily separable stone. Small fruits are oval in shape with pointed ends.
• Ternoslum is a low-growing tree with excellent adaptability to various growing conditions. The variety is unpretentious to care, has a high yield, its purpose is conservation.
• Damascene - has oval fruits of various colors (white, black, blue, yellow).
• Canadian plum - the variety is self-fertile, needs additional pollination, due to early flowering it is not afraid of spring frosts.
• Burbank Gigant is a frost-resistant diploid variety with large fruits of excellent taste. Resistant to monoliosis.
• Kabardinka is a variety created by breeders of the Stavropol Territory and Kabardino-Balkaria. Mid-season, ripens in mid-August. Spherical fruits have a very tasty pulp, reaching a mass of 45 g.
• Angelina - the variety is characterized by a powerful crown that needs shaping to accelerate fruiting. Plums of this variety are early-growing, begin to yield the harvest 3 years after planting. The fruits are similar to those of the cherry plum.
• Mashenka is a medium-sized tree of early ripening. The dark pink fruits with yellow flesh have an excellent dessert taste.

General's

Morning

Nenka

Alyonushka

Chemalskaya

Spike-shaped blue suite

Red ball

Eurasia 21

Tula black

Blue gift

Early ripening red

Oh yeah

Kuban legend

Vicana

Valor

Memory of Timiryazev

Hungarian

Mirabel

Ternoslum

Damascene

Canadian plum

Burbank

Kabardinka

Angelina

Mashenka

How to choose the right plum sapling?

The first step towards future high yields is the selection of a healthy seedling, prepared according to all the rules for sale and transportation. It is best to purchase young plum trees from nurseries where they are grown by professionals.

The initial examination of a plum sapling is an assessment of the condition of the bark and kidneys. The bark should not be damaged, and the buds should be slightly swollen and greenish when purchased in spring. Dry, dry buds are a sign of death or freezing of the tree.

Basic requirements for seedlings

A plum seedling suitable for planting can be annual or biennial. An annual seedling is a thin, even trunk without branches. A two-year-old seedling is a trunk (at least 2.5 cm in diameter) with 3-4 branches - the rudiments of skeletal branches 50-60 cm long. Both those and others take root well in a new place, although two-year-olds begin to bear fruit faster. Three-year-old plum seedlings are more sensitive to replanting.

When choosing a seedling, special attention should be paid to the health of the roots. The root system should be fibrous, with a central root and many branches and thin roots.

Rules for the transportation and storage of seedlings

Optimal terms for purchasing and planting plums in the middle lane:

• End of March - beginning of April;
• End of September - beginning of October.

For the south of Russia, these dates are shifted 2-3 weeks forward (in spring) or backward (in autumn).

Seedlings with a closed root system take root best. A reliable seller will always cover the roots of the seedling with a clay mash before selling to protect it from drying out and damage during transportation. If the root system is not protected, and the seedlings need to be transported, their roots are wrapped in a damp cloth, grass, straw. If the root system is dry, there is a risk of death of the seedling.

conclusions

A large assortment of zoned varieties of plums, suitable for growing in most regions, allows you to purchase planting material to your liking. The choice of a high-quality seedling with the expected characteristics, proper planting and care will definitely reveal the possibilities of the variety and help to get a good harvest.

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Author of the article: Alexey Kuzmin, expert agronomist, specially for the website ayzdorov.ru