Ovarian Retention Cyst

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Ovarian retention cyst

Content:

• Retention cyst symptoms
• Causes of the ovarian retention cyst
• Treatment methods
• Prevention of ovarian retention cyst

A retention cyst of the ovary is a female disorder in which a tumor-like mass filled with blood or fluid appears in one of these organs. Among all diseases of the ovaries, they account for almost a fifth.

The ovaries are paired sex glands located on either side of the uterus and secreting sex hormones. Sex cells are laid and matured in them. The secretion of the ovarian glands flows through the ducts. But when they become clogged, the fluid accumulates, retention cysts are formed. They also arise against the background of inflammation of the ovaries, are follicular, endomitrioid, corpus luteum, inclusive and tecalutein.

Retention cyst symptoms

They have their own characteristics depending on its type.

1. Paraovarial.

As a rule, it develops from the ovarian epididymis. It grows rather slowly, often not diagnosed for a very long time. But it can reach a large size. When diagnosing an ovarian cyst, an oval or round formation with fluid and thin walls is always clearly traced on the monitor of the ultrasound machine.

Symptoms include:

• violation of the menstrual cycle
• pain in the lower abdomen, which are aggravated by brisk walking, physical exertion, a sharp change in body position
• reproductive dysfunction
• scanty bleeding between periods. Sometimes it starts before menstruation, and lasts about 4-12 days, turning into menstruation
• delay in menstruation up to one month due to the predominance of the hormone estrogen over progesterone. The coming menstruation is very painful, with clots and lasts longer and sometimes turns into uterine bleeding.

2. Cyst of the corpus luteum.

As the name implies, this type of cyst is formed from the corpus luteum located in the ovary, the main task of which is the release of gestagens.

The first signs of such a cyst are similar to an ectopic pregnancy:

• stomach ache
• anointing
• when a rupture occurs, severe bleeding occurs.

3. Follicular cyst.

When the ovum matures, the follicle bursts and it, being released, enters the abdominal cavity, from which it is captured by the fallopian tubes and moves along them. If there is a failure in this process, then a cyst forms at the site of the follicle. It gradually increases in volume due to the incoming liquid.

There are no symptoms at first. But gradually the cyst may burst. When its wall is destroyed, all the contents flow into the peritoneum and cause peritonitis (aseptic inflammation). And at this stage there is pain and tension in the muscles of the abdomen, accompanied by an increase in body temperature. If the cyst has developed and burst in the right ovary, then the symptoms are very similar to the clinical manifestations of acute appendicitis.

A retention cyst of the left ovary is similar to a tumor of the sigmoid colon. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, laparoscopy and X-ray of the sigmoid colon filled with a suspension of barium (irigoscopy). Also, research should exclude cancer of both ovaries, ectopic pregnancy and ovarian apoplexy. A follicular cyst can fester and rupture when the legs are twisted or heavy objects are lifted.

Symptoms for complications of the disease:

• Twist the legs. At the same time, the vessels supplying the cyst with blood are infringed, which means that tissue necrosis may occur. Symptoms may include severe abdominal pain, muscle spasm, constipation and bloating, and abdominal irritation. This complication requires an operation.
• Suppuration of the cyst. It occurs when the cavity fills with pus in the presence of an infection.

Symptoms include:

• fever
• nausea and vomiting
• tachycardia
• severe abdominal pain
• temperature increase.
• Cyst rupture

It is rare, but also accompanied by severe abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, and decreased blood pressure. The patient urgently needs to be taken to the hospital to remove the cyst and sanitize (extract the contents of the cyst, which has already poured into the abdominal cavity). If medical assistance is not provided in time, death can occur.

Causes of the ovarian retention cyst

1. Problems with the endocrine system (hormonal imbalance)

Estrogen (a female sex hormone) thickens secretions from the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus. It, becoming viscous, clogs the duct of the gland and accumulates in it. In this case, the gland begins to grow.

2. Violations in the process of release of the egg from the follicle.

When an egg matures in a follicle, fluid accumulates in it so that it can then leave it and enter the uterine tube. If the exit is unsuccessful or there was no exit at all, then a cyst may occur.

3. Endometriosis.

A retention cyst can be a consequence of the ingestion of modified endometrial cells into the ovary. They come off the uterine lining and can enter any organ with the blood stream. When your period begins, your cells begin to bleed. Therefore, if such cells enter the ovary, the blood that is released from them will gradually accumulate and soon a cyst will form, which is also called chocolate due to the color of the coagulated blood.

4. Also cause cyst, early puberty and abortion.

Treatment methods

1. Conservative.

Those cysts that have reached more than 6 cm in diameter are subject to treatment, as well as in the presence of complaints of pain that do not disappear within two months. In women's health clinics, gentle correction can be applied to restore normal adrenal, ovarian and thyroid function. This is the use of hormonal drugs, vitamin complexes, physiotherapy. Oxygen therapy helps to relieve psychological tension, changes metabolic processes.

Modern physiotherapy (magnetophoresis, electrophoresis) delivers drugs directly to the tissues of the adrenal glands and ovaries and normalizes their function. Lymphotropic administration of drugs is able to deliver them to the tissues of the ovaries and follicular cysts, which greatly speeds up the healing process.

The woman is monitored for a long period, and drugs are prescribed to her to normalize hormonal levels. Periodic examinations and examinations of the abdominal organs using ultrasound are carried out. If the cyst becomes smaller under the influence of drugs, then hormone therapy continues until it disappears completely. If such treatment does not bring results, then the question of surgical intervention will be decided.

2. Operation.

The woman under anesthesia is made several small incisions in different parts of the abdomen. Next, manipulators are introduced into them, through which the cyst will be resected. The ovaries are not affected. Manipulator - an endoscope (video camera) broadcasts everything that happens inside to a monitor so that the surgeon can navigate what he is doing. This technique is the most popular and widespread at this time. After it, there are no large and noticeable scars, there is a small risk of complications and the body is not injured.

Prevention of ovarian retention cyst

Preventive measures include:

1. regular visits to the gynecologist.

For any female problems, changes in hormonal levels or the menstrual cycle, you should consult a doctor.

2. Acceptance of hormonal contraceptives as prescribed by the doctor.

These drugs, containing additional hormones, are able to make an optimal combination of gestagens and estrogens in the body or create the effect of an imaginary pregnancy, which has a positive effect on the woman's body, affects all metabolic processes. Only they must be selected by a specialist based on the individual characteristics of each woman.

3. Pregnancy.

It has a positive effect on the woman's body, since there is no menstruation, which means that the endometrium is resting. There is no significant activity that leads to uterine cancer.

Only a timely visit to a doctor will help a woman detect deviations from the norm in time and prevent the development of pathologies, which means that she will be able to live a full life for many years.

The author of the article: Lapikova Valentina Vladimirovna | Gynecologist, reproductologist

Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N. N. N. I. Pirogova.