2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43
Paresis of the extremities - paresis of the legs, feet, arms
Paresis of the extremities is a serious damage to the work of the cerebral cortex and its important parts, which are always responsible for human motor activity. The main symptoms are weakening of muscular systems or limb mobility. Stroke is the most common cause of this progressive disease.
However, if you do not identify and start treatment in time, this will lead to the loss of full motor function of the limb. Paresis can be organic (a deformation of the connection between the brain and muscles) and functional (damage to the cerebral cortex). The place on the body and the severity of paresis damage are divided into several more points, such as: tetraparesis (caused by weakening of all 4 limbs of the body), paraparesis (paresis of the legs, both arms), hemiparesis (only one half of the body is affected), monoparesis (damage one limb).
Paresis of the leg and foot
With paresis of the leg, symptoms such as difficulty in flexing the thigh are revealed, it is difficult to bend and unbend the lower leg due to the weakness of the nearest muscle groups with a relatively sufficient force of movements in the distal regions. Injury to the femoral nerve usually contributes to the inevitable development of peripheral unilateral proximal paresis.
Mononeuropathy of the femoral nerve is expressed in a decrease in susceptibility on the outer surface of the thigh and the important anterior-inner surface of the lower leg, restriction in mobility of extension of the lower leg and extension of the thigh.
Distal is usually a dangerous paresis of one leg, while the defeat of the personal or other tibial muscle group is impossible to move the feet. If the peroneal nerve is affected, it becomes impossible to walk on the heels, to retract the foot and raise its outer edge, as well as the sagging of the foot and impaired sensitivity on the dorsum. As a result, there is a strong deformation of the gait, or in other words, the cock gait.
Due to trauma, damage to the tibial nerve develops. Symptomatically manifests itself as a violation of plantar flexion of the foot and toes. As a consequence of this denervation of the interosseous muscles, the toes take the claw-like position. In most cases, it is impossible to stand on toes and the Achilles reflex disappears. Significant trophic disorders can occur. Sensitivity on the sole and in the area of the outer edge of the foot is impaired.
Lesion of the sciatic nerve trunk is usually characterized with trauma, very rarely with a fracture of the femur. Mononeuropathy of the sciatic nerve occurs as a result of severe injection neuritis. The consequence of the absolute break of the sciatic nerve is paralysis of the entire muscle mass of the leg, except for the muscles of the outer surface of the thigh, and a significant violation of sensitivity in the region of the back surface, and on the surface of the entire foot.
Hand paresis
Hand paresis is characterized by a significant decrease in the range of any movement. You can determine this with a simple handshake. In the absence of apparent reasons, acute paresis of the hand may develop. It is usually accompanied by significant pain (for example, increased pain when coughing). Peripheral paresis and their acute development occur with traumatic injury to some nerves of the hand.
Paralysis of the muscles in the distal arm is called Dejerine-Klumpke palsy, usually a birth injury to the brachial plexus. Symptoms include paralysis of the hand, flexors and extensors of the fingers, as well as marked paralysis of the small muscles of the hand. The defeat of the ulnar nerve - weakness, soreness of the muscles that straighten the hand and deflect it to the elbow side, low mobility of the fifth finger, atrophy and hypotenar occur.
The hand takes the position of a "clawed paw", the fingers are extended in the main phalanges, and in others they are bent, if there is a dominance of the antagonists of the paralyzed muscles.
With distal hand paresis, an acute formation of polyneuropathic syndrome occurs with a characteristic distal type of separation of motor and sensory defects.
Surgery that will restore nerve conduction is necessary in the event of a traumatic limb injury. If paresis of the limb is the result of a stroke, then it is required to take medications that improve blood circulation in the brain. Also, in case of paresis, do not forget about special gymnastics with massage of the limbs. In gymnastics, you need to perform exercises that contribute to the development of a patient with paresis of the limb.
Massage helps to avoid degenerative changes in muscle tissue, it also helps to improve blood circulation in the body. It is also important for paresis to use vitamins and minerals to maintain the general tone of the entire human body.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
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