Cervical cyst
Nature has created the female body as a carefully thought out and well-oiled system for the continuation of the human race, in connection with which, the main task of every woman is careful bearing, and, subsequently, the birth of a healthy child. Basically, the reproductive system of the female body is located in the small pelvis, the cervical canal or cervical canal is one of its most important organs, which is of great importance in pregnancy and childbirth.
The cervical canal is the part of the cervix that connects the vagina to the uterine cavity. From the side of the vagina, it ends with an external pharynx (hole) leading from the vaginal cavity into the uterine cavity. From the side of the uterus, the internal pharynx opens. In general, the length of the cervical canal is 3-4 centimeters, the thickness is 7-8 millimeters. From the inside, the cervical canal is lined with cells of a single-layer columnar epithelium, in which there are multiple depressions - glands that produce mucus.
When the glands of the mucous membrane of the cervix are blocked, cysts are formed (Nabot cysts). This is due to the fact that the outflow of the substrate is hindered and, when it accumulates, the walls of the duct begin to stretch. This often happens in inflammatory processes (cervicitis and colpitis) in the cervical canal. Cauterization of cervical erosion can also be the cause of the formation of endocervical cysts.
In general, a cyst is a benign formation with mushy or liquid contents. The main symptoms that indicate its development are possible menstrual irregularities, pulling pain in the lower abdomen, inflammation of the appendages, etc. A cyst of the cervical canal is a fairly common pathology that occurs in women of childbearing age.
Cervical cysts are single and multiple, in most cases, their treatment is not required, since they do not cause any complications, are not transmitted during sexual intercourse, do not harm a woman's health, and can often resolve themselves. Only large formations that severely deform the cervix and continue to grow are exposed to the opening and evacuation of the contents.
Cysts usually do not affect pregnancy and may even spontaneously disappear after childbirth. According to some reports, cysts are found in 10% of women aged 25-45 years.
Endocervical cysts can be identified by:
· Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the cervix - when they appear in the form of hypoechoic formations;
· Extended colposcopy - one of the most informative research methods. The examination is carried out using a special microscope that allows you to examine the cervix in detail. It is this method that allows the patient to make the most accurate diagnosis after an ultrasound scan and suspicion of a cyst;
· Pap smear - Pap smear examination. This method allows you to determine the initial stage of precancerous changes in the tissues of the cervix. It is carried out using a specially selected composition of paints and fixatives;
· Oncocytological examination of smear;
· Study of a smear for urogenital infections.
In each case, if a cyst is detected, only the attending physician can prescribe the appropriate treatment after receiving all the results of a woman's diagnostic examination.
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Most often, resection of the cervical cyst is performed using a laser, especially if the neoplasm is located close to the vaginal segment of the cervix and is visible in the mirrors. The treatment procedure is not painful at all, it has established itself as one of the most effective. It takes only a few days from the time of the tests to the end of the simple operation, but after the treatment, the woman will have to see a doctor for several more months.
If the cyst is located in close proximity to the exocervix (the outer part of the cervical canal), then it can be removed by radio wave surgery under local anesthesia. In this case, the cyst is punctured and its contents outflow.
Cryotherapy is indicated for deeply located cysts of the cervical canal. It is based on the effect of low temperatures obtained when using liquid nitrogen. A prerequisite for cryotherapy is the absence of inflammatory processes in the genitals in a woman. The operation is performed on an outpatient basis, within a few days after the end of menstruation.
As a preventive measure to prevent diseases of the genital organs, women should remember to regularly visit antenatal clinics (at least once a year), observe intimate hygiene and make a reasonable choice of sexual partners. In addition, timely diagnosis significantly increases the chances of a complete cure for any disease!
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
