Hemorrhagic cystitis
Content:
- Symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis
- Causes of hemorrhagic cystitis
- Diagnostics of the hemorrhagic cystitis
- Treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a type of cystitis in which there is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder wall and blood appears in the secreted fluid.
The presence of blood is explained by the fact that deep damage to the walls of the organ occurs, with injury to its vascular network. This is a serious illness that requires qualified medical attention.
As for statistics, the disease most often affects people with weakened immunity. The risk group includes children and the elderly.
It is from hemorrhagic cystitis that elderly men with prostate adenoma often suffer, although cystitis is considered predominantly a female disease.
Symptoms of hemorrhagic cystitis
The disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- A complex of dysuric symptoms, including: frequent urination, pain during the process of urine excretion. The patient is experiencing difficulties because the walls of the bladder are irritated and inflamed and even a slight replenishment of urine makes the urge to go to the toilet. In this case, the urge is often false, or is excreted by a drop of urine.
- Staining of urine in pink, dirty brown or red color, which is caused by deep damage to the walls of the organ and the ingress of blood into the secreted fluid. With advanced stages of hemorrhagic cystitis, whole blood clots can be found in the urine.
- If the pathology is observed for a long time, then the patient will begin to suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Weakness, increased fatigue join, dizziness, shortness of breath and pallor of the skin are observed.
- The urine has a fetid odor.
- Pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, localized in the suprapubic region.
- When the urinary canal is blocked with a blood clot, the patient feels that the organ is overflowing, but cannot empty it. The bubble continues to fill and expand. Within a maximum of three days, if proper treatment is not provided, uremia develops.
- Often there is an increase in body temperature to high values, chills and general weakness are observed.
Causes of hemorrhagic cystitis
Among the reasons leading to the development of the disease, it is customary to distinguish:
- Infection with viruses: adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus, poliomovirus. Less commonly, Escherichia coli, bacteria and fungi lead to this form of cystitis.
- Taking some medicines from the group of cytostatics.
- Irradiation of the body, for example, in the treatment of tumor processes.
- Prolonged deliberate retention of urine, which leads to stretching of the organ and disruption of its blood supply.
- Any mechanical obstruction to the natural flow of urine. It can be a cancerous tumor, inflammation of the surrounding tissues, a decrease in the lumen of the urethra.
- Reduced ability of the muscle wall of the organ to contract, which is often caused by neurogenic problems.
- The ingress of a foreign body into the urethra and its injury.
- Organ tumor, its decay.
- Lack of personal hygiene skills and the introduction of harmful microbes into the bladder.
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A decrease in the body's immune forces, which is often observed in diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, during postmenopausal women, during childbirth and after childbirth, as well as in HIV infection.
Diagnostics of the hemorrhagic cystitis
In order to establish a diagnosis, the patient will need to undergo the following procedures:
- Blood donation for general analysis;
- Delivery of urine for general analysis;
- Delivery of urine for bacteriological culture;
- Passage of ultrasound of organs located in the small pelvis;
- By appointment - cystography, cystoscopy and urography.
Such a thorough diagnosis is required in order to differentiate hemorrhagic cystitis from a tumor, as well as to exclude the presence of stones and trauma to the organs of the urinary system. Indeed, in such conditions, blood in the urine is often observed.
Treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis
Depending on the patient's condition, treatment is carried out either in a hospital or at home. The patient is prescribed bed rest, adherence to a sparing diet and medication, depending on what caused the development of the disease.
- Antibiotics If cystitis with blood is provoked by bacteria, then antibiotics will be prescribed. It can be either monural or ciprofloxacin. In addition, drugs from the group of cephalosporins, penicillins, etc. are used. The final choice directly depends on the results of bacteriological culture of urine.
- If there are signs of iron deficiency anemia, then iron supplementation is indicated. It can be Sorbifer Durules, Ferrum-Lak and others.
- To reduce blood loss, patients are prescribed tranexamic or alpha-aminocaproic acid, etamzilate, calcium preparations, Vikasol, Ascorutin.
- Treatment of the disease is impossible without diet. It promotes the regeneration of damaged tissues, gives the body the necessary strength to fight inflammation. The patient should drink at least 2.5 liters of water. Alcohol and sweet carbonated water are contraindicated. The best drinks are pure water, green and herbal tea, juices and fruit drinks. (Read more about diet for cystitis - what can you eat and what not?) In addition, it is scientifically proven to help reduce inflammation, neutralize some bacteria and reduce pain syndrome cranberry and lingonberry juice.
The menu should be dominated by herbal products, they make the composition of urine more alkaline, which also contributes to the fight against bacteria. Salty, smoked, spicy and fried foods are banned.
It is unacceptable to treat hemorrhagic cystitis on your own, the disease is fraught with formidable complications, including: infection of the pelvic organs, blockage of the urinary tract, the development of severe anemia and oxygen starvation of the whole body. With chronicity of the process, therapy will be long and difficult. Therefore, when the first signs of illness appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
The author of the article: Lapikova Valentina Vladimirovna | Gynecologist, reproductologist
Education: Diploma in Obstetrics and Gynecology received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development (2010). In 2013 completed postgraduate studies at N. N. N. I. Pirogova.
