2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49
Treatment of helminthiasis
Various types of drugs are used to treat helminthiasis. They can be of a wide spectrum of action (destructive for most types of helminths) and selective action (destructive for some types of helminths). Not so long ago, only folk remedies were used to treat parasitic infestations, such as: garlic, pumpkin seeds, male fern extract, etc. However, with the creation of modern anthelmintic drugs, these folk remedies faded into the background. After all, antiparasitic drugs are not only more effective, but also safer if used rationally.
Only a doctor should prescribe anthelmintic drugs, based on the results of laboratory tests. After all, only on the territory of Russia there are about 70 species of various helminths that are able to exist in the human body.
Pinworms, roundworms and giardia are three types of parasites that are most commonly found in humans. Of course, children are in an increased risk of infection, but in adults, helminthiases are often recorded. Parasitologists use about 10 different drugs to combat invasions, the most popular of which are: Pirantel, Dekaris, Nemozol, Vermox and Vormil.
Absolute contraindications for anthelmintic therapy are: acute intestinal infections, diseases of a viral, infectious and somatic nature. In addition, women who are breastfeeding and women who are carrying a child are not treated for worms. In some cases, therapy is possible. The only drug used for this purpose is Piperazine.
There are three large groups of helminths: nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. Representatives of each of these groups are sensitive only to a specific drug. Therefore, the choice of the drug is based precisely on the type of helminth. Of course, the patient's age, the presence of concomitant pathologies, the patient's general health, etc. should be taken into account.
Content:
- Treatment of helminthiasis of the nematode type
- Treatment of helminthiasis of the cestode type
- Treatment of helminthiasis of the type of trematodes
- Is it advisable to prevent helminthiasis with drugs?
- Treatment of helminthiasis in pregnant women
- Effective treatment of helminthiasis
- Treatment of helminthiasis with folk remedies
Treatment of helminthiasis of the nematode type
Representatives of nematodes are such helminths as: pinworms, roundworms, Trichinella, whipworms and toxocaras. Pinworms and roundworms are more common than others.
For the treatment of roundworms, it is possible to use drugs such as:
- Mebendazole (Vormin, Vermacar, Vermox, Termox, Mebex, Vero-Mebendazole).
- Albendazole (Vormil, Nemozol, Gelmodol-VM).
- Pirantel pamoat (Nemocid, Helmintox, Kombantrin, Pirantel).
- Levamisole (Decaris),
- Pirvinium embonate (Pirvinium, Vanquin, Pirkon).
- Piperazine.
- Carbendacim (Medamin).
If the nematodes parasitize outside the intestine, then the patient can be prescribed drugs such as: Ivermectin (Ivomek, Ivermectin) or Diethylcarbamazine (Ditrazine citrate).
It should be noted that most anthelmintic drugs are not capable of destroying the eggs of parasites, but are destructive only for adult worms. Therefore, self-infection often occurs. In this regard, doctors recommend to undergo a second course of treatment, 14 days after the initial intake of the drug.
In some cases, a cleansing enema, which is given in the evening (if the drug was taken in the morning), can enhance the effect of taking anthelmintic drugs.
To get rid of the body of tapeworms and flatworms, it is imperative to consult a doctor, since the drugs for their treatment are extremely toxic. Therefore, such drugs are prescribed only in a hospital setting, and the dosage is selected on an individual basis. It is unacceptable to take such medications on your own.
Treatment of helminthiasis of the cestode type
The cestode class includes such worms as: bovine tapeworm, pork tapeworm, broad tapeworm, dwarf tapeworm, etc. All of them cause various diseases that pose a serious threat to health, among such helminthiasis: teniasis, teniarinchiasis, echinococcosis, alveococcosis, cenurosis, hymenolepiasis, sparganosis and others.
In order to rid the body of tapeworms, drugs such as:
- For the treatment of tapeworms: Niclosamide (Fenasal).
- For the treatment of bovine tapeworm, broad tapeworm, dwarf tapeworm, giardiasis. Malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis: Mepacrine (Akrikhin).
- For the treatment of mixed helminthiasis, including echinococcosis, cysticercosis of the brain, various nematodes, giardiasis: Albendazole (Nemozole). Nemozole can also be used for the treatment of cestodosis of extraintestinal localization.
Treatment of helminthiasis of the type of trematodes
Representatives of the class of trematodes are such helminths as: feline fluke, Chinese fluke, liver fluke, lanceolate fluke, hepatic fluke, pulmonary fluke, etc. These parasites cause diseases such as: opisthorchiasis, fascioliasis, clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, dystroceliosis, schitosis, eurythremosis, gastrodiscoidosis, cercariasis, etc.
To remove the fluke helminths from the body, the patient is prescribed the following drugs:
- Bithionol and Chloxil are prescribed for parasitizing helminths outside the intestines.
- Perchlorethylene is prescribed to treat intestinal flukes.
- For the treatment of most helminthiasis, including flukes, it is possible to use drugs with a wide spectrum of action: Praziquantel (Biltricid).
Is it advisable to prevent helminthiasis with drugs?
If the child has been diagnosed with enterobiasis, then all family members should undergo anthelmintic treatment. Moreover, preschool children are very susceptible to infection with pinworms, and the analysis for this parasitic invasion is very often false-negative. Therefore, if a child has signs and symptoms of pinworms, parents very often think about whether to use anthelmintic drugs for prophylactic purposes.
Experts in this matter have not yet come to a consensus. Some parasitologists point out that the prevention of helminthiasis does not make sense, since a person can take the drug today and become infected again tomorrow. Doctors warn that all drugs for removing parasites from the body are very toxic and, in the absence of invasion, can be harmful. Therefore, the only recommendation that experts give is to observe the rules of personal hygiene with thorough washing of hands before eating, after using the toilet and any public places.
The opposite point of view is radically different. Doctors recommend that parents carry out the prevention of helminthiasis in children once every six months. Most often, the drug Pirantel is prescribed for this purpose. They explain this need by the fact that the cohesion in children's groups is very high, and their hygiene skills are poorly formed. Therefore, in preschool age and in primary school age, helminths are constantly reinfected.
When the analysis for enterobiasis indicates that there are no pinworms in the child's body, and he continues to complain of severe itching in the anal canal, then this analysis should be repeated. It is very good if the scraping is performed on the morning when the child is experiencing discomfort. Repeat the scraping three times: after one day and after another 14 days. In this case, you can be sure about the reliability of the result.
All family members must take prophylactic anthelmintic drugs if pinworms were found in at least one of them.
Prophylactic use of antiparasitic drugs is possible in the following situations:
- There are animals in the house (cats, dogs, etc.).
- A person is very often in contact with the soil. This is especially true for rural residents and for young children who often play in the sandbox.
- Accommodation of a child in an orphanage.
- Frequent travel to exotic countries.
- Passion for activities such as: hunting, volleyball, fishing, football, etc.
Treatment of helminthiasis in pregnant women
The widespread occurrence of helminths among the population determines their possible presence in the body of a pregnant woman. Nevertheless, even if helminthiasis is diagnosed, taking any anthelmintic drugs is strictly prohibited in the first trimester of pregnancy. Medicines in this group are very toxic and can cause more harm to the woman's body and fetus than the parasites themselves.
In the future, it is possible to treat helminthiasis in a pregnant woman using the drug Piperazine. However, a medical consultation is required first.
- With enterobiasis, 1.5-2 g of the drug is prescribed for 5 days. Then you need to take a break of 7 days and repeat the course of treatment. In total, you can take from 1 to 3 courses.
- With ascariasis, a woman is prescribed 1.5-2 g of the drug 2 times a day. One hour before meals or after meals. The course of treatment is 2 days.
In addition, if you strictly follow the rules of hygiene, then self-healing from pinworms is possible in 2-3 weeks. But at the same time, it is important to prevent reinfection.
To do this, you should adhere to such recommendations as:
- After using the toilet, hands should be washed using soap;
- Hands should be washed after every change of underwear;
- Vegetables and fruits that a woman eats should be thoroughly washed and scalded with boiling water;
- You should also wash your hands with soap and water after each contact with animals and before eating.
Effective treatment of helminthiasis
| Side effects | |||
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(enterobiasis, ascariasis, hookworm disease, strongyloidosis, necatorosis, trichocephalosis, toxoplasmosis, trichostrongylosis). |
Tablets at a dosage of 150 mg are not prescribed for children. Take the drug with caution in renal and hepatic insufficiency. |
From 6 to 10 years old, 1.5 or 1 tablet (50-75 mg). From 10 to 14 years old, 2 or 1.5 tablets (75-100 mg). Adults 150 mg after meals, at bedtime. The drug is taken once. After 14 days, the course is repeated. |
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(enterobiasis, ascariasis, noncatorosis, hookworm disease, trichocephalosis). |
It is prescribed with caution before the age of 6 months, during breastfeeding and while carrying a child. Medical monitoring of the blood count against the background of liver failure is necessary. |
2-6 years - 250 mg 6 to 12 years old - 500 mg For adults - 750 mg - 1000 mg. The drug is taken once after a meal. The average dose is 10 mg / kg. |
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(mixed nematodes, ascariasis, enterobiasis, strongyloidosis, trichinosis, teniasis, alveococcosis, gnatostomosis, trichocephalosis, alveococcosis, capillariasis) |
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(all nematodes, strongyloidosis, echinococcosis, giardiasis, toxocariasis, polinvasion by helminths, teniasis, cysticercosis of the brain). |
With caution, the drug is prescribed for violation of the function of hematopoiesis, for liver diseases. |
Echinococcosis, cysticercosis of the brain.
Toxocariasis:
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Treatment of helminthiasis with folk remedies
The collection of medicinal plants has long helped people drive out helminths from the body:
Collection 1. Mix centaury, tansy and caraway evenly. Put 14 g of the mixture on a glass of boiling water and leave for one hour. Four times a day you need to drink a tablespoon of infusion.
Collection 2. Equally combine the herb of wormwood and centaury ordinary and a tablespoon of the mixture is brewed in 250 ml of water. The medicine is boiled over low heat for 20 minutes, after which it is sieved, cooled and drunk one glass twice a day (in the morning on an empty stomach and before bedtime). The course of treatment is 8 days.
Collection 3. Dried tansy inflorescences, blueberries and elecampane root are ground into powder and mixed equally. The broth is prepared by adding a tablespoon of the collection to 250 ml of boiling water. You need to drink 5 tablespoons per day, washed down with the medicine with clean boiled water.
Collection 4. You will need peppermint leaves, wormwood herb, valerian roots, tansy flowers and buckthorn bark. 20 g of these components are mixed with wild carrot seeds (30 g) and a couple of tablespoons of the collection are poured with a glass of boiling water. It should be infused for 15 minutes and drunk like tea, having previously filtered, twice a day, in the morning and in the evening. The course of treatment is 3 days. This collection helps to get rid of the tapeworm.
Collection 5. One tablespoon of the collection of chamomile flowers, tansy, sea wormwood and wormwood herb, combined in equal quantities, is brewed in a glass of boiling water, wait until cooled and filtered through cheesecloth. You need to drink a glass of medicine twice a day for three days. The medicine helps to remove ascaris.
Collection 6. Mix one part of the flowers of tansy, chamomile and yellow gentian root with two parts of wormwood and three parts of buckthorn. You will need 1 tablespoon of the mixture and a glass of boiling water. In a thermos, the medicine is left overnight, after which it is sipped and drunk in the morning and evening. The course of treatment is 3 days. The infusion will help get rid of pinworms and ascaris.
Other folk remedies for helminthiasis:
Method 1. Traditional medicine offers numerous infusions and decoctions as effective means to combat helminths. For example, walnuts have a healing effect. They are taken green and the kernels are chopped to make 4 tablespoons of raw materials. Pour the nuts with 1 cup boiling water and add a little salt (a quarter teaspoon). Within half an hour, the infusion is prepared, after which it is filtered through cheesecloth and drunk in one day. It is recommended to drink laxatives after each dose. The infusion of walnuts can remove tapeworms and roundworms.
Method 2. An infusion of tansy also has a healing effect, the herb of which is poured with boiling water in a ratio of 3 tablespoons per 250 ml. Within an hour, the medicine is insisted, after which they drink one tablespoon three times a day.
Method 3. Wormwood is also brewed in a similar way: a teaspoon of dry grass is poured with half a liter of boiling water, after which they wait until the infusion cools down, filter and drink two tablespoons three times a day before meals (20 minutes). Pinworms and roundworms will go away.
Method 4. Decoctions can be prepared from pomegranate peels. The crust of one pomegranate is crushed and boiled in 250 ml of water, after which it is drunk in three doses for an hour and a half. Three hours after taking the medicine, you need to drink a laxative. You can also cure helminthiasis with the help of ash bark or buckthorn broth: a tablespoon of raw materials is boiled in 250 ml of boiling water, after which it is left to infuse for two to three hours, having previously wrapped with a towel and covered with a lid. A day you need to do 4 doses of one tablespoon.
Method 5. Folk healers recommend brewing sorrel as well: a kilogram of fresh sorrel leaves are taken per liter of boiling water and evaporated in a water bath for two hours. After that, the broth is filtered, mixed with sugar (50 g) and boiled until the volume reaches 250 ml. The medicine is drunk before meals for a couple of sips.
Author of the article: Danilova Tatyana Vyacheslavovna | Infectionist
Education: in 2008 received a diploma in General Medicine (General Medicine) at the Pirogov Russian Research Medical University. Immediately passed an internship and received a diploma of a therapist
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