Acute And Sharp Back Pain - 20 Causes

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Sharp and sharp back pain

Acute, sharp back pain is not a symptom of any specific group of diseases. This can be a sign of many malfunctions in the body.

Before dealing with acute, sharp back pain, it is necessary to identify the root cause.

However, for the period of diagnosis and diagnosis, it is advisable to use a universal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for back pain. These remedies relieve pain and inflammation. Etoricoxib is a highly selective agent with minimal side effects. On the Russian market, this tool is represented by the drug Etorelex. Etorelex is cheaper than foreign analogues, is easy to use and has a minimum number of side effects.

Mechanical violations:

• Sprain. With sudden movements, the load on the joints can be so strong that the ligaments are stretched, thereby causing severe pain.

• Stretching and muscle spasm. Lifting weights or exercising can cause the unprepared muscle corset to stretch. A strong painful effect is associated with tears of soft tissues.
• The defeat of the intervertebral joints. Usually, such problems appear as a result of injuries (a strong blow to the back or frequent, but weak microtrauma). The intervertebral joints are also damaged due to sports such as gymnastics or aerobics.
• Spinal osteochondrosis / disc herniation (intervertebral). These diseases are characterized by weak muscle and ligament tone, discs become less elastic, due to which the load on the spine increases. This is the primitive scheme of hernia formation, which causes acute sharp pain in the back.

• Compression fracture of the vertebra. Most often occurs during axial loads, for example, during a jump into water or from a height to feet. The vertebra (and maybe several) breaks and its inner part is completely destroyed. Outwardly, it looks like a wedge-shaped body with a sharp edge. In this case, a compression fracture is obtained suddenly as a result of trauma and is immediately accompanied by acute sharp pain in the back radiating to the upper and lower extremities.
• Subchondral sclerosis of the endplates of the spine. It occurs with deformation of the subchondral plate located between the vertebra and the intervertebral disc. As a result of damage, the plate thickens and growths may appear. Due to the increasing friction, inflammation occurs in this place, accompanied by sharp pain and stiffness of movements.
• Spondylolisthesis, or displacement of the vertebra. The disease is associated with the pathology of the intervertebral disc. The nature of the pain depends on the degree of displacement of the vertebra and the age of the person.
• Spinal stenosis. It occurs due to abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal and compression of nerve endings. Stenosis is diagnosed in case of wear and multiple microtraumas of the spine, leading to bulging discs, stretching of soft tissues and thickening of the ligaments.

• Diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis. The disease is characterized by calcification and ossification of the anterolateral surfaces of the spine and soft tissues, the formation of osteophytes and spurs. Often appears in patients with diabetes mellitus, obesity and arterial hypertension.
• Kyphoscoliosis. This is a complex form of scoliosis, in which the trunk is curved so much that the chest is deformed, thereby reducing the volume of the lungs. Sharp pains are characteristic of the thoracic spine, especially in the scapular part.
• Spinal osteochondropathy, or Scheuermann's disease. It is characteristic of adolescence and is associated with congenital anomalies of the vertebral discs: insufficiently strong endplates are destroyed and lead to pain in the back.

Mechanical disorders are the most common causes of severe acute back pain.

But there are a number of other diseases that can cause a similar ailment:

• Infections: osteomyelitis of the spine and pelvic bones, tuberculosis of the spine, syphilis, paraspinal abscess, abscess of the epithelial coccygeal passage, discitis, epidural abscess, paravertebral infections. As a rule, such infectious diseases affect the kidneys and the urinary system as a whole, which leads to a sharp sharp pain in the back.
• Malignant neoplasms: epidural metastasis and metastasis to the vertebrae, melamine disease, lymphomas and lymphogranulomatosis, primary epidural or intradural tumors. Back pain with spinal cord oncology is the only symptom, which is why it is so important to see a specialist on time.
• Metabolic disorders: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, hemochromatosis, alkaptonuria. The pathology of metabolic processes leads to the gradual destruction of bone tissue, as a result of which back pain appears.
• Rheumatic diseases: overloading of the joints affected by rheumatism, stretching of the tendons, inflammation of the synovium; disorders at the level of microcirculation; developing joint inflammatory and degenerative changes - it is in these cases that acute pain in the back is often manifested.
• Reflected pain associated with diseases of the abdominal and retroperitoneal organs, lesions of the vascular space of the abdominal cavity, malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity and shingles. The pressure of the inflamed organs of the abdominal cavity causes uncomfortable sensations in the spine, but in severe forms of the disease lead to sharp shooting pains in the back.

Less common, but still encountered, causes of acute, sharp back pain are:

• Paget's disease (the bone ceases to be remodeled and its architecture is disrupted),
• fibromyalgia (extra-articular soft tissues are affected, as a result of which specific painful points appear),
• psychogenic pains and acts of simulation.

For a long time, back pain was referred to by people of quite mature and old age. Today this problem plagues even adolescent children. This is due, first of all, to a decrease in physical activity and metabolic disorders. Such circumstances lead to the emergence of a number of diseases, accompanied by acute sharp pain in the back.

Author of the article: Sokov Andrey Vladimirovich | Neurologist

Education: In 2005 completed an internship at the IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and received a diploma in Neurology. In 2009, completed postgraduate studies in the specialty "Nervous diseases".