Pills for vomiting and nausea
Nausea and vomiting accompany diseases of various organs and systems, as well as conditions such as motion sickness - it is tolerated with great difficulty. Nausea is a feeling of discomfort, expressed in unpleasant sensations in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, where these symptoms appear both separately and together.
Signs accompanying nausea:
- Feeling weak;
- Increased salivation;
- Excessive sweating;
- Dizziness;
- General deterioration in health.
Vomiting is the release of stomach contents through the mouth. This process is always preceded by nausea.
Types of vomiting:
- Semi-digested food;
- Mucous contents of the stomach;
- Bile (with pathologies of the gallbladder and pancreas);
- "Fecal vomiting" with intestinal obstruction.
A complication of vomiting is dehydration of the body, that is, the loss of mineral salts and fluid by organs and tissues.
Content:
- Why vomiting and vomiting?
- Motion sickness and nausea pills
- Pills for nausea during pregnancy
- Tablets for nausea and vomiting for gastrointestinal diseases
- Pills for vomiting in children
- Cancer patients
- Nausea after pills
Why vomiting and vomiting?
- The first trimester of pregnancy in many women is marked by the appearance of toxicosis, the symptoms of which are nausea and vomiting. The cause of the problem lies in the restructuring of the immune system of the expectant mother, in the body's reaction to a foreign protein.
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In inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as in tumor processes, the decay products of tissues, the vital activity of viruses and bacteria irritate the vagus nerve, and, as a result, cause nausea and vomiting.
- An increase in blood pressure with hypertension, crises of the vegetative-vascular system with an increase in intracranial pressure, as well as diseases of the inner ear also often cause nausea and vomiting.
- Irritation of the meninges and semicircular tubules during motion sickness causes nausea and vomiting due to irritation of the central nervous system.
Classification of the causes of vomiting:
- Viral infections - enteroviruses, hepatitis;
- Bacterial infections - staphylococcus, salmonella, clostridia, cholera vibrio, Escherichia coli, toxin-producing yersinia;
- The influence of alcohol toxins, various poisons;
- Overdose or side effects of drugs (cytostatics, drugs, cardiac glycosides, Euphyllin);
- Pregnancy;
- Pain in the abdomen and chest area (with peritonitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, heart attack);
- Intestinal obstruction resulting from intussusception, tumor, foreign body ingress, Crohn's disease;
- Obstruction of the outlet of the stomach, arising after cicatricial stenosis, tumor;
- Metabolic disorders and pathologies of the endocrine system (hyperthyroidism, Addison's disease);
- Radiation sickness;
- Pathologies of the central nervous system: neuroinfections, irritation of the vestibular apparatus during motion sickness and Meniere's disease.
Motion sickness and nausea pills
There is a large category of passengers on land, air and water transport, suffering from the so-called "seasickness". For effective assistance with motion sickness, a special group of drugs has been developed.
- Blockers of M-cholinergic receptors. For example, Aeron - the drug opposes the activity of the vagus nerve, which provokes salivation, an attack of nausea and vomiting. The drug contains scopolamine and a mixture of camphor salts. Aeron begins its action 30 minutes after ingestion, is effective for 12 hours. Side effects: tachycardia, dry mouth, vision problems.
- Benzodiazepine tranquilizers that suppress anxiety, nausea and vomiting:
- Diazepam;
- Lorazepam;
- Seduxen;
- Prazepam;
- Relanium;
- Rudotel.
- Histamine H1 receptor inhibitors:
- Bonin;
- Pipolfen;
- Betahistine;
- Dimenhydrinate.
Histamine transmits nerve stimulation to the centers of the autonomic nervous system from the balance receptors in the inner ear. If these receptors are blocked by the above antiemetic drugs, then negative manifestations can be minimized.
Pipolfen
The cost is from 650 to 800 rubles. The active ingredient of promethazine hydrochloride begins to act 20 minutes after application, the effect remains for a period of 6 to 12 hours.
Indications: allergies, sedation after surgery, negative effects of motion sickness.
Contraindications: children under 6 years of age (for oral administration), neonatal period up to 2 months. (for parenteral administration), simultaneous use of MAO inhibitors, alcohol or hypnotic intoxication, angle-closure glaucoma, lactation, pregnancy, apnea.
Application: for the prevention and elimination of negative symptoms 25 mg IM or in the form of tablets 1 time, you can take 25 mg once an hour before the trip, re-use is possible after 8-12 hours.
Side effects: rapid heartbeat, dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, pharynx, decreased blood pressure, confusion, dizziness, impaired visual acuity, disorientation in space, cholestasis, allergic urticaria, increased sweating, ringing in the ears.
Betahistine
Analogs: Betaver - from 140 to 200 rubles, Tagista - from 100 to 120 rubles, Betagistin - from 30 to 50 rubles, Betaserk - from 500 to 600 rubles, Vestibo - from 200 to 300 rubles, betahistine hydrochloride, Vesicar, Denoise, Betacsentrin, Vasoserk, Microzer.
The effect of the drug is similar to that of histamine, it reduces the pressure in the semicircular canals of the inner ear, improving the blood supply to its labyrinth.
Indications for use: dysfunctions of the labyrinth - Meniere's disease, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea.
Application: 1/2 tablet 1-2 days before the trip, 3 times a day.
Contraindications: children and adolescents under 18 years of age, pregnancy. The drug is taken with caution in case of gastric and intestinal ulcers.
Side effects: diarrhea, allergic manifestations.
Dimenhydrinate
Analogs: Dramina at a price of 100 to 150 rubles. for 5 and 10 pieces, Ciel, Aviamarin.
The drug begins to work 15-30 minutes after ingestion, the effect lasts about 6 hours. Designed to reduce dizziness, relief of nausea and vomiting.
Indications: symptoms of impaired activity of the vestibular apparatus and the labyrinth of the inner ear, Meniere's disease, motion sickness on sea and air transport. It is not used to stop vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
Contraindications: the period of breastfeeding and waiting for the child, children up to one year old, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, epilepsy, dermatoses.
Application: children from 1 to 6 years old - 1 / 2-1 / 4 pcs. per appointment, children from 7 to 12 years old - 1 / 2-1 pcs. per appointment, children over 12 years old and adults - 1-2 pcs. for the reception. Tablets are taken in 2-3 pieces. per day, before meals, 30 minutes before the trip.
Side effects: heart palpitations, weakness, dizziness, decreased blood pressure and appetite, rash, insomnia, drowsiness, general weakness, Quincke's edema, difficulty urinating, anemia.
Homeopathic pills for nausea and vomiting Avia-sea
Indications: the drug reduces the negative manifestations of "seasickness": nausea and vomiting, dizziness, excessive sweating.
Contraindications: children under 6 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation, use with caution after consulting a doctor.
Application: the first appointment one hour before the trip, then again every half hour throughout the trip.
Side effects: none.
Homeopathic tablets Vertigohel
Indications: vestibular disorders occurring during a trip in transport.
Contraindications: pregnancy and breastfeeding, children under 12 years of age (oral administration is prohibited until 4 years), hepatosis of various etiologies, alcoholism.
Application: the drug, produced in tablets, begins to be taken one hour before the trip, 1 pc., Then an hour later, 1 pc., Per day no more than 3 pcs., Drops - 10 drops in the first hour and then every 15 minutes during the period feeling unwell.
Pills for nausea during pregnancy
Early toxicosis lasts throughout the first trimester of pregnancy and is often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. In some cases, these symptoms bother women throughout the entire period of expectation of the child. Toxicosis in a mild form (attacks of nausea and vomiting are repeated up to 5 times a day) is treated on an outpatient basis, the average form of toxicosis (vomiting up to 10 times a day) and its severe degree (indomitable vomiting more than 20 times a day) are treated only in a hospital setting. The choice of drugs for nausea and vomiting should be carried out only by a doctor, since during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy there is a risk of a teratogenic effect of drugs - the appearance of deformities and pathologies of fetal development.
Safe drugs for pregnant women:
- Bonin (meclosin hydrochloride) manifests its effect an hour after ingestion, the effectiveness of the drug is felt within a day. The dosage is from 25 to 50 mg per day. Dryness of the oral mucosa, drowsiness, and increased fatigue may occur. Contraindications - children under 12 years of age.
- Kokkulin - homeopathic lozenges worth 180 rubles. for 30 pcs.
- Hofitol is a preparation based on an extract of artichoke leaves costing from 400 to 700 rubles, dosage - 2 tablets dissolved in water, you need to take before meals 3 times a day.
- Splenin - a solution for intramuscular injection, made from the spleen of cattle, is used once for 10 days.
- Sedatives and preparations - made from a mixture of lemon balm, calendula, motherwort, valerian, St. John's wort, peppermint.
Similar symptoms diagnosed late in pregnancy indicate the onset of late toxicosis (gestosis). Nausea and vomiting, combined with high blood pressure, is life-threatening preeclampsia for both mother and baby. Late toxicosis of pregnancy is treated only in the intensive care unit of the gynecological hospital.
Tablets for nausea and vomiting for gastrointestinal diseases
Unpleasant symptoms that occur during an intestinal or toxic infection should be treated with drugs that simultaneously act on pathogens and eliminate the effect of toxins in the stomach and intestines.
- Nitrofurans - Nifuroxazide (Stop-diar, Enterofuril, Ersefuril), Furazolidone have approximately the same effect. Furazolidone is recommended for adult patients, provided that they do not have pancreatic diseases. The remedy is good for vomiting and diarrhea if taken three times a day, 2 tablets. The minimum duration of therapy is from 5 to 7 days, the maximum is up to 10 days. Nifuroxazide suspension is used in the treatment of children.
- Antibiotics - Azithromycin (Sumamed) from the macrolide group and Ciprofloxacin from the cephalosporin group are used in the treatment of intestinal infections.
Symptomatic remedies for vomiting with pathologies of the digestive tract:
- Prifinium bromide (No-spasm, Riabal);
- Metoclopramide (Cerucal);
- Hyoscyamine butyl bromide (Buscopan);
- Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine, Dedalon);
- Domperidone (Motilium).
Metoclopramide - Cerucal
The drug costs from 30 rubles. (Metoclopramide) up to 130 rubles. for 50 tablets and 250 rubles. for 10 ampoules of Cerucal.
This drug belongs to the group of prokinetics - dopamine receptor blockers. It reduces the peristalsis of the duodenum and the outlet of the stomach, as well as the reflux of bile from the intestine into the stomach, which prevents vomiting of bile. The drug is used in the form of tablets and intramuscular injections
Indications: gastrointestinal inflammatory and infectious diseases, conditions after operations on the digestive tract, gastroparesis in diabetes mellitus, nausea and vomiting, hiccups of various etiologies.
Contraindications: children under 14 years of age, pregnancy (1 trimester), take with caution from 2-3 trimesters, high blood pressure, old age, bronchial asthma, gastrointestinal bleeding, and intestinal obstruction.
Application: the drug is taken from 1/2 tablet in children over 14 years old to 1 tablet in adults 30 minutes before meals. Children take tablets 2-3 r / day, adults - 3-4 r / day.
Side effects: diarrhea, trembling limbs, high blood pressure, dry mucous membranes, menstrual irregularities, depression, drowsiness.
Hyoscyamine Butylbromide - Buscopan
The cost of 20 tablets of the drug is from 250 to 340 rubles, 10 candles - from 300 to 380 rubles.
The drug from the group of M-cholinergic receptor blockers effectively relieves spasm of the gastrointestinal tract.
Indications: colic of the kidneys, gallbladder, intestines, therapy of ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines, biliary dyskinesia.
Contraindications: children under 6 years of age, myasthenia gravis, megacolon.
Application: tablets of 10-20 mg three times a day, suppositories in accordance with the instructions.
Side effects: anaphylactic shock, heart palpitations, allergies, urinary retention, dry mouth.
Domperidone - Motilium
Cost:
- Motilium in the form of candles - from 330 to 400 rubles, in the form of tablets - from 500 to 600 rubles. for 30 pcs., in the form of a suspension - from 450 to 500 rubles.,
- Passenger - 80 rubles. for 10 pieces,
- Domperidone - 70 rubles,
- Domperidone Teva - 140 rubles.
Indications: dyspepsia with manifestations of vomiting and nausea, heartburn, vomiting of various etiologies, including infections, organic and functional causes.
Contraindications: taking Ketoconazole, Erythromycin, pituitary tumor, weight less than 35 kg, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
Application: depending on the weight, 2 to 4 times a day.
Side effects: diarrhea, convulsions, drowsiness, anaphylactic manifestations with respiratory distress, Quincke's edema, rash, itching, nervousness.
Pills for vomiting in children
Prescribing drugs for nausea to children is carried out exclusively by a pediatrician. Vomiting, which almost always accompanies nausea, in children threatens dehydration in the shortest possible time.
Parents in the event of sudden vomiting in a child should follow the following sequence of actions:
- Call an emergency ambulance. It is quite possible that an attack of vomiting accompanies such severe pathologies as intussusception of the intestine, irritation of the meninges, pyloric stenosis, appendicitis, intestinal infection (in children under one year old), traumatic brain injury requiring immediate hospitalization.
- Intestinal infection in children over a year old, proceeding in a mild form, accompanied by rare bouts of vomiting, requires a medical examination by a pediatrician, bacterial inoculation of feces to determine the causative agent of the infection. In most cases, children are prescribed an antibiotic for a week or Nitrofuran.
- The restoration of lost liquid and mineral salts is carried out with solutions of Hydrovit, Regidron in combination with 5% glucose in a 2: 1 ratio. This solution is given to the child every 5 minutes in a teaspoon. In the first 6 hours, the amount of liquid should not be less than 100 ml / kg of body weight. Next, you need to drink an amount of solution of at least 100 ml / kg for the remaining day.
- Children over 6 years old are given Cerucal in the form of tablets, children under this age are given injections of the drug, 1-2 ml / m.
- A suspension of Motilium is taken in an amount of 0.25 to 0.5 ml / kg of body weight, 3-4 r / day.
Vomiting caused by pathologies of the central nervous system (with intracranial hypertension) is stopped with Diacarb, intramuscular injections of magnesium sulfate or Dexamethasone. Vomiting "fountain" in infants is a likely sign of pyloric stenosis (a congenital defect in the outlet of the stomach) or pylorospasm (narrowing of this opening). Pyloric stenosis is treated surgically, pylorospasm is eliminated by the administration of Atropine or drugs with belladonna extract.
Cancer patients
Drugs for nausea or dizziness are needed for patients with a history of oncological pathology. These unpleasant symptoms often appear as a consequence of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
- Buscopan in tablets or in the form of suppositories - an anti-vomiting agent;
- Cerucal (metoclopramide) for oral administration or injection is a long-standing prokinetic;
- Trifluoperazine, Haloperidol - affect the emetic centers by blocking the central dopamine receptors;
- Emend is an antagonist of neurokinin prescriptions (the price of 1 capsule is from 1300 to 1600 rubles);
- Diazepam, Lorazepam - drugs from the benzodiazepine group, simultaneously with the relief of vomiting and nausea, eliminate the feeling of anxiety;
- Ondansetron, Zofran, Latran, Tropisetron, Domegan, Granisetron, Tropindol, Ondantor, Novoban - serotonin receptor antagonists in the form of suppositories, solution for injection, tablets taken to block the vomiting center;
- Novoban, Kitril, Zofran - serotonin receptor blockers are used in pediatric oncology.
Tropisetron (Novoban)
The cost of 5 ampoules of 5 mg is from 1000 to 1200 rubles.
Indications: nausea and vomiting during anticancer therapy, after surgery.
Contraindications: children under 2 years of age, lactation, pregnancy, individual intolerance to the components of the drug.
Dosage: on the 1st day, 5 mg is administered intravenously, for children at 0.2 mg / kg of weight, from 2 to 6 days the drug is taken orally with orange juice. The maximum dose for children is 5 mg / day.
Side effects: allergies, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, pain in the epigastric region.
Ondansetron
Drug analogues:
- Latran - 10 tablets, costing from 400 to 500 rubles, 5 ampoules for injections, costing from 400 to 600 rubles.
- Emetron - 5 ampoules for injections costing from 1200 to 1500 rubles,
- Zofran - 5 ampoules for injections from 850 to 1000 rubles, 10 tablets from 2300 to 4000 rubles, 1 suppository costing from 850 to 1000 rubles;
- Ondansetron - 2 suppositories at a price of 250 rubles, 5 ampoules for injections at a price of 1600 to 300 rubles.
Indications for use: nausea after chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy.
Contraindications: children under 2 years of age parenterally and orally, lactation, pregnancy, children rectally.
Dosage: the daily dose for adults is 8-32 mg, the drug is used in various forms (syrup, tablets, suppositories for rectal administration, ampoules for intravenous or intravenous administration). Overcoming postoperative nausea or the state after highly emetogenic chemotherapy is advisable to stop by injections up to 24 mg with concurrent administration of Dexamethasone.
To prevent nausea before moderate emetogenic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, take a syrup or lozenges (8 mg) 1-2 hours before the procedure and a similar dose 12 hours after it.
The relief of late nausea that occurs a day later is carried out with a dose of 8 mg 2 r / day for 5 days.
Nausea after pills
Irritation of the vomiting center occurs after the use of cytostatics, narcotic drugs, Euphyllin, cardiac glycosides that provoke damage to the stomach, liver, and pancreas.
Medicines for vomiting caused by pharmaceuticals:
- In case of poisoning with morphine derivatives, take Cerucal;
- When using cytostatics, serotonin receptor blockers are taken in parallel. Tropisetron - 5 ml / day intravenously on the day of administration of the cytostatic, then orally at the same dosage. Granisetron - 3 ml / day intravenously together with a cytostatic agent, then orally at the same dosage. Ondansetron - 8 ml 3 r / day intravenously on the day of administration of the cytostatic, then orally at the same dosage;
- In case of an overdose of Euphyllin - Thiamine chloride and potassium chloride intravenously in large doses;
- In case of an overdose of cardiac glycosides, the excitement accompanying vomiting is removed with the following drugs: 1% solution of Promedol - 1 ml, 2.5% solution of Aminazin - 2 ml, 2.5% solution of Diprazine - 1 ml, 0.25 % solution of Droperidol.
Self-diagnosis and self-treatment of serious symptoms such as nausea and vomiting are categorically unacceptable, as they can be signs of serious illness. Only a consultation with a doctor and the implementation of his recommendations will help to avoid the consequences of dehydration, myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and various tumors.
Author of the article: Alekseeva Maria Yurievna | Therapist
Education: From 2010 to 2016 Practitioner of the therapeutic hospital of the central medical-sanitary unit No. 21, city of elektrostal. Since 2016 she has been working in the diagnostic center No. 3.
