Tablets For Nausea And Vomiting - An Overview

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 17:49

Tablets for nausea and vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are associated with many diseases of the body, as well as pathological conditions. Sometimes nausea ends with vomiting, and sometimes this unpleasant reflex is suppressed.

Nausea is accompanied by an uncomfortable sensation in the abdomen when a dreary wave rises to the throat. This feeling can occur in the esophagus, stomach, or mouth. Nausea is accompanied by such unpleasant symptoms as:

• Weakness.
• Dizziness.
• Hypersalivation.
• Increased heart rate.
• Sweating.

When vomiting occurs, the contents of the stomach are released, which leaves the body through the oral cavity. Most often, the stomach contains partially digested food, which is mixed with its secretion. Sometimes vomiting consists only of bile and water. This situation is typical for inflammation of the pancreas or gallbladder. If a person develops intestinal obstruction, then he will vomit with feces.

First of all, vomiting is dangerous because it can provoke dehydration of the body, since, together with vomit, it loses a large amount of water and salts.

Content:

• Causes of nausea and vomiting
• Drugs for motion sickness and nausea
• Homeopathic remedies
• Drugs to eliminate nausea during pregnancy
• Preparations for nausea and vomiting in diseases of the digestive system
• Preparations for vomiting for children
• Drugs for nausea and vomiting for cancer patients
• If you feel sick after taking the pills, what to do?

Causes of nausea and vomiting

Nausea can be caused by:

• The reaction of immunity to the emergence of a new life in a woman's body. This is the main cause of nausea that follows pregnant women in the 1st trimester.
• Impact on the vagus nerve with pathogenic flora, tumor neoplasms. Inflammatory reactions in the digestive system often lead to its irritation. All this becomes the cause of nausea.
• Nausea can be caused by irritation of the vomiting center, which is located in the brain.

This happens in situations such as:

• An increase in blood pressure, which is observed with hypertension or with VSD.
• Increased intracranial pressure, or irritation of the membranes of the brain.
• Inner ear pathology.
• Motion sickness.

Vomiting can be caused by the following:

• Penetration of viruses into the body. In this regard, rotaviruses and enteroviruses are dangerous.
• The penetration of bacteria into the body. Vomiting can be caused by staphylococci, salmonella, E. coli, cholera vibrio, yersinia, clostridia.
• Intoxication of the body with alcoholic beverages, poisons, medicines, narcotic substances, cardiac glycosides.
• Stomach ache. Vomiting can accompany such conditions as: inflammation of the peritoneum, inflammation of the pancreas or gallbladder, myocardial infarction in the acute phase.
• Intestinal obstruction, which develops against the background of Crohn's disease. A tumor growing in the body or a foreign body entering the intestine can cause such a violation.

• Vomiting may be of central origin. This happens with high intracranial pressure, with neuroinfection, with Meniere's disease, with damage to the vestibular apparatus. Motion sickness also irritates the vestibular apparatus.
• Endocrine disorders such as Addison's disease or hyperthyroidism.
• Pregnancy.
• Radiation sickness.

Drugs for motion sickness and nausea

Motion sickness and motion sickness can haunt not only in childhood, but also in adulthood.

In order for a person to be able to cope with this problem, there are various drugs, including:

• Blockers of M-cholinergic receptors. A drug such as Aeron prevents the vagus and celiac nerves from irritating and causing nausea. The composition of the drug contains hyoscyamine and scopolamine (camphor salts). Already 30 minutes after ingestion, you can feel the healing effect. Aeron operates for 6 hours. Side effects from taking it are: increased heart rate, thirst, visual impairment.
• Benzodiazepine tranquilizers. These drugs suppress nausea and vomiting and dull feelings of fear. Examples of such drugs are: Diazepam, Seduxen, Relanium, Rudotel, Prazepam, Lorazepam, etc.
• Inhibitors of histamine H1 receptors. Nausea and vomiting are reduced by blocking the receptors in the semicircular tubules of the inner ear, which transmit irritation to the centers of the autonomic nervous system. These drugs include: Bonin, Pipolfen, Betahistin, Dimenhydrinate, etc.

Some medicines need to be discussed in more detail.

Pipolfen

Active ingredient: promethazine hydrochloride.

Analogues: no.

Price: 650-800 rubles.

Pros:

Pipolfen is prescribed for allergies, for nausea and vomiting against the background of motion sickness, and also as a sedative after surgery. The effect of taking it comes in 20 minutes, and ends after 6-12 hours.

If the patient suffers from nausea and vomiting, then he is prescribed 25 mg of the drug once a day, or an intramuscular injection is given.

If you have to travel by transport, which is associated with motion sickness, then the person is prescribed 25 mg of the drug, you need to repeat the reception after 8-12 hours.

It is very convenient that there are two forms of drug release, so the drug can be used to treat young children.

The advantages of Pipolfen include its high efficiency, rapid onset of the therapeutic effect and the presence of two forms of release.

Minuses:

It is forbidden to use Pipolfen for the treatment of pregnant and lactating women, as well as people suffering from apnea. Do not prescribe the drug in the form of tablets to children under 6 years of age. Parenteral administration of the drug is possible for children after 2 months. Other contraindications include: angle-closure glaucoma, poisoning of the body with alcoholic beverages, taking MAO inhibitors.

The disadvantage of Pipolfen is that this drug is capable of causing multiple side effects, including: blurred vision, increased drowsiness, or psychomotor agitation, disorientation in space, photosensitivity, thirst, ringing in the ears, skin rashes, dizziness, fainting, hypersalivation.

The disadvantages of the drug include an extensive list of side effects, the presence of contraindications and high cost.

Betahistine

Active ingredient: betahistine hydrochloride.

Analogs: Betaver (140-200 rubles), Betagistin (30-50 rubles), Vestibo (200-300 rubles), Tagista (100-120 rubles), Betaserk (500-600 rubles), Betahistin hydrochloride, Betanorm, Vasoserk, Betacentrin, Microzero, Denoise.

Price: 46-65 rubles.

Pros:

The drug has a structure similar to histamine. It quickly relieves nausea and vomiting, as it reduces the pressure in the semicircular tubules and improves the blood supply to the labyrinth of the inner ear.

Betahistine can be used to eliminate nausea and vomiting, and to combat dizziness and tinnitus. It is prescribed for Meniere's disease.

To achieve the maximum effect, it is necessary to start taking the drug 2 days before the trip, ½ tablet 3 times a day.

The advantages of the drug are its low cost, high efficiency and similarity with histamine, which is produced by the human body.

Minuses:

Betahistine has a number of contraindications. It is forbidden to appoint it to people under 18 years old, as well as pregnant women. The drug is used with caution to treat patients with stomach ulcers.

Betahistine can cause an allergic reaction in the body, as well as lead to a thinning of the stool.

The disadvantages of the drug include the presence of contraindications and side effects, as well as the inability to use it for the treatment of children and adolescents.

Dimenhydrinate

Active ingredient: dimensionhydrinate.

Analogs: Dramina (100-150 rubles), Ciel, Aviamarin.

Price: 145-160 rubles.

Pros:

The drug eliminates nausea and vomiting within 15 minutes after administration, relieves dizziness. It can be used to treat Meniere's disease, motion sickness, labyrinthine disorders, and weak vestibular apparatus. For prophylactic purposes, it is taken 30 minutes before traveling by transport in the amount of 1-2 tablets.

Adults and children over 12 years old are prescribed 1-2 tablets (2-3 times a day), children 1-6 years old are prescribed half or ¼ tablets (1 time per day), children 7-12 years old are prescribed 1 or half a tablet (2-3 times a day).

The advantage of the drug is the rapid onset of the effect, the ability to get rid of not only nausea, but also from dizziness, as well as a low price.

Minuses:

The drug has a number of contraindications. It can not be used to treat nursing and pregnant women, children under one year old. Dimenhydrinate is not prescribed to relieve nausea in people with epilepsy and acute dermatological diseases.

The drug can cause multiple side effects, including: increased daytime sleepiness and weakness, dizziness, insomnia, impaired appetite, thirst, tachycardia, hypotension, skin rashes. Taking the drug is associated with the risk of developing skin reactions and even Quincke's edema. There is a likelihood of developing bronchospasm, deterioration of urinary function. The drug can interfere with the hematopoietic system and provoke the development of hemolytic anemia. It is the multiple side effects that are the main disadvantage of the drug. In addition, it lasts no longer than 6 hours.

Homeopathic remedies

Air-sea

Active ingredient: veratrum album, borax, cocculus.

Analogues: no.

Price: from 125 rubles.

Pros:

The drug is indicated for admission to people who suffer from seasickness. It is used to reduce the unpleasant symptoms of motion sickness: from nausea, sweating, dizziness, vomiting. You need to take it before the trip (one hour), and then every 30 minutes, while the person is on the road.

The obvious advantages of Avia-Sea are the absence of side effects, as well as the low price of the drug.

Minuses:

The drug should not be used to treat children under 6 years of age. It should be used with caution by pregnant and lactating women.

The disadvantage of Avia-Sea is its short-term effect. It will need to be taken very frequently to reduce nausea and vomiting while traveling. Avia-sea only copes with the symptoms of motion sickness, and from nausea caused by other reasons, it will not help.

It is a homeopathic remedy, so its effectiveness cannot be considered scientifically proven.

Vertigohele

Active ingredient: anamyrta cocculus, conium, ambergris, rectified petroleum.

Analogues: no.

Price: from 380 rubles.

Pros:

The drug relieves nausea and vomiting, as well as dizziness during motion sickness. It can be found in liquid and tablet form. An hour before the trip, you need to take 10 drops or 1 tablet of the drug. Then the drops are taken every 15 minutes, and the tablets are taken one piece 3 times a day.

Minuses:

The high cost of the drug is its main disadvantage. This is especially true if we take into account that it belongs to homeopathic remedies, that is, its effectiveness has not been confirmed by clinical trials. In addition, it is not prescribed for pregnant women, people with liver pathologies and patients with alcoholism. Children under 4 years old are not given the drug in tablets, and children under 12 years old - in drops.

Drugs to eliminate nausea during pregnancy

Most often, women suffer from nausea and vomiting in the first trimester of pregnancy, which is explained by such a phenomenon as toxicosis. Although some expectant mothers continue to experience these unpleasant symptoms throughout the entire period of gestation.

Mild toxicosis does not require hospitalization, provided that a woman vomits no more than 5 times a day. If the number of episodes of vomiting increases to 10, then the pregnant woman is admitted to a hospital.

Many drugs are prohibited from taking during the 1st trimester of pregnancy, as they can have a pathological effect on the growing body of the child. Therefore, only a doctor can prescribe any drug.

The most harmless drugs for pregnant women are considered to be:

• Homeopathic drug Kokkulin, which is available in the form of absorbable tablets. For a package of 30 pieces, you will need to pay 180 rubles.
• Bonin. The maximum daily dose of the drug should not exceed 50 mg. The drug begins to work 60 minutes after taking it and works for 24 hours. However, its use can provoke increased fatigue, a feeling of dryness in the mouth. Sometimes women complain of daytime sleepiness. Bonin is not prescribed for children under 12 years of age.
• Splenin is based on an extract from the spleen of cattle. He is injected into the muscle once a day. The treatment continues for 10 days.
• Hofitol. The preparation is based on artichoke leaves. It is taken 2 tablets 3 times daily before meals. They must first be dissolved in water. The cost of the drug is 300, 400 and 700 rubles, depending on the number of tablets in the package.
• The preparation and herbal preparations based on peppermint, motherwort, valerian, St. John's wort, calendula, lemon balm. They have a sedative effect.

A woman should not ignore the nausea and vomiting that develops in late pregnancy. In combination with edema and increased blood pressure, these symptoms may indicate a severe complication of pregnancy - gestosis. This condition requires urgent hospitalization.

Preparations for nausea and vomiting in diseases of the digestive system

If nausea and vomiting is a consequence of an intestinal infection or other disease, then drugs are required that destroy the pathogenic flora, and also bind toxic substances that have entered the digestive tract.

These include:

• Ersefuril, Stop-Diar, Enterofuril (nitrofurans). They are based on furazolidone and nifuroxazide. The action of these drugs is not significantly different. Therefore, adult patients can be prescribed inexpensive furazolidone (2 tablets 3 times a day) for a course of 5-7 days. It is important that a person does not have concomitant diseases of the pancreas. This drug is great for diarrhea and vomiting. Children are preferable to treat with drugs based on nifuroxazide. In order not to disrupt the function of the pancreas, you need to choose a drug in the form of a suspension.
• Antibiotics are prescribed for some intestinal infections. In this case, patients are prescribed cephalosporins or macrolides (Sumamed).

To stop vomiting and reduce nausea in diseases of the digestive system, drugs such as: Cerucal (Metoclopramide), Dedalon, Dramamine (Dimenhydrinate), Riabal, No-spasm (Prifinium Bromide), Buscopan (Hyoscyamine Butylbromide) (Domperidium), Motilium.

Cerucal

Active ingredient: metoclopramide.

Analogues: no.

Price: the cost of Metoclopramide is 30 rubles. For 50 tablets of Cerucal, you will need to pay 130 rubles, and for 10 ampoules - 250 rubles.

Pros:

The drug is prescribed to relieve inflammation and infection in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as after surgery on the organs of the digestive system. It helps to get rid of vomiting, hiccups, nausea. It is used for diabetic gastroparesis.

The advantage of the drug is that it has several forms of release: in tablets and in a solution for injection, which is important for the treatment of people suffering from vomiting and nausea.

Adults are prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day, and children over 14 years old - half a tablet 2-3 times a day. You need to take it before meals.

Another advantage of the drug is its proven efficacy and safety (if taken according to the instructions), as well as its low cost.

Minuses:

Taking Metoclopramide and Cerucal is associated with the risk of side effects. The patient may have increased dizziness, tinnitus, drowsiness. Sometimes patients complain about the addition of diarrhea and vomiting, which can increase dehydration. In addition, there is a possibility of developing limb tremors and depression.

Another drawback of the drug is the presence of contraindications, including: age under 14 years old, gastric or intestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation, bronchial asthma. It cannot be used to treat pregnant and lactating women with epilepsy and pheochromocytoma. With caution, Cerucal is prescribed for the elderly and patients with hypertension.

Buscopan

Active ingredient: hyoscine butyl bromide.

Analogues: no.

Price: for 20 tablets you will need to pay 250-340 rubles, and for 10 candles - 300-380 rubles.

Pros:

Taking the drug helps to eliminate spasm from the smooth muscles of the intestine and stomach, thereby reducing pain, nausea and vomiting. Therefore, Buscopan is used as an effective remedy for the elimination of renal, biliary and intestinal colic. It can be taken as part of complex therapy for stomach ulcers, pylorospasm, bile duct dyskinesia.

The advantage of the drug is its release form. Buscopan can be purchased in candles and tablets (prescribed 10-20 mg 3 times a day). The drug is in the middle price category.

Minuses:

The disadvantages of Buscopan are its side effects, including: dry mouth, urine retention, tachycardia. Sometimes patients develop an allergic reaction, up to anaphylactic shock.

In addition, Buscopan should not be prescribed to patients under 6 years of age, people with megacolon and myasthenia gravis.

Motilium

Active ingredient: Domperidone.

Analogs: Domperidone (70 rubles), Domperidone Teva (140 rubles), Passage (80 rubles).

Price: for 10 tablets of Motilium you will need to pay 330-400 rubles, for a suspension - 450-500 rubles, for 30 tablets - 500-600 rubles.

Pros:

The drug effectively eliminates the phenomenon of dyspepsia (belching, bloating, nausea and vomiting, heartburn). It can be used to treat vomiting of various origins: with functional disorders of the digestive system, with organic and infectious pathologies. Adults and children are prescribed 2-3 tablets 4 times a day.

Minuses:

The high cost of the drug is its main disadvantage. In addition, it has some restrictions on its use, including: a child's weight up to 35 kg, gastrointestinal bleeding, pituitary tumor. Do not combine Motilium with Erythromycin, Ketoconazole and other drugs.

Another drawback of the drug is its ability to cause side effects, in particular: headache, convulsions, drowsiness. Some patients develop severe allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema).

Preparations for vomiting for children

If a child has nausea or vomiting, then a doctor should prescribe a drug for him.

Parents should remember that vomiting in childhood threatens the rapid development of dehydration, so the algorithm for their actions should be as follows:

• It is necessary to call a medical team to the house. If there is suspicion of appendicitis, intussusception, pyloric stenosis, appendicitis, or intestinal infection, the child should be hospitalized. Children should be admitted to the hospital who have received TBI against the background of which vomiting develops. This is especially true for babies under one year old.
• With uncomplicated intestinal infection in children over a year old, outpatient treatment is possible. The child must be examined by a local doctor. The doctor may prescribe nitrofuran or an antibacterial drug. Provided that the feces were collected at the BAC inoculation, and it was possible to accurately identify the source of infection, it is possible to use bacteriophages.
• A prerequisite for the treatment of vomiting is replenishment with the loss of fluid and salts. For this, the child is offered solutions of Regidron, Hydrovit, glucose. To prevent dehydration, the child should take a teaspoon of liquid every 5-10 minutes.
• The fluid must be replenished correctly. So, during the first 6 hours after developing vomiting, the child should drink 100 ml of liquid for each kilogram of weight. In the future, you need to ensure that the child drinks 100 ml of liquid for each kg of weight throughout the day.
• If the child is over 6 years old, then you can give him Cerucal tablets. For children under this age, the drug is prescribed in injections.
• You can offer your child Motilium in suspension. The drug is given 3-4 times a day, 0.25-0.5 ml per kilogram of weight.

When vomiting is of central origin, the child is prescribed Diacarb, or Dexamethasone. In the injectable form, magnesium sulfate is administered.

Pylorospasm (the outlet of the stomach narrows) or pyloric stenosis (congenital malformation) are two reasons for vomiting by a fountain in infants. Pyloric stenosis can be eliminated only by surgery. With pylorospasm, the child is prescribed Atropine, or belladonna preparations.

Drugs for nausea and vomiting for cancer patients

People who receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer often suffer from severe nausea and vomiting. These phenomena worsen the well-being of such patients and reduce their quality of life.

To stop nausea and vomiting during treatment, you can use drugs such as:

• Cerucal (Metoclopramide). You can use the drug both in the form of injections and in the form of tablets.
• Serotonin receptor antagonists. These drugs are aimed at blocking the vomiting center. Ondansetron can be used in the form of tablets and suppositories. In a solution for injection, such drugs are produced as: Tropisetron (Tropindol, Novoban), Granisetron (Avomit, Notyrol, Kitril), Granisetron, Latran, Ondantor, Domegan, Zofran.
• Emend. It is a selective high-affinity neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist of substance R. The drug has a high cost. For one capsule, you will need to pay 1300-1600 rubles.
• Buscopan, which is available both in tablets and in suppositories, allows you to cope with nausea and vomiting.
• Children undergoing chemotherapy may be prescribed drugs such as Navoban, Kitril, Zofran.

Navoban

Active ingredient: tropisetron.

Analogues: no.

Price: for 5 ampoules of the drug, you will need to pay 1000-1200 rubles.

Pros:

The drug effectively eliminates nausea during anticancer therapy. It allows you to deal with nausea that develops after surgery. It can be administered to children over 2 years of age.

It is convenient that the drug has 2 forms of release: in tablets and in a solution for injection (it can be taken orally if diluted with orange juice). On the first day after the operation, it is administered intravenously.

The daily dose for a child is 5 mg. Dosage calculation: 0.2 mg / kg body weight. For adults on the first day, 5 mg of the drug is administered intravenously on the first day after surgery. Then, until the sixth day, it is taken orally.

Minuses:

The disadvantage of Navoban is its high cost. In addition, it has a number of contraindications and side effects. The drug is not prescribed for pregnancy and lactation, as well as for children under 2 years of age. While taking it, the patient may develop constipation or diarrhea with abdominal pain, dizziness and allergic reactions.

Ondansetron

Active ingredient: Ondansetron.

Analogs: Zofran in candles (1 candle costs 850-1000 rubles), in ampoules (5 ampoules costs 1800 rubles) and in tablets (10 tablets costs 2300-4000 rubles). Latran (price of 10 ampoules - 500 rubles, 5 ampoules - 400-600 rubles), Emetron (5 ampoules cost 1200-1400 rubles).

Price: for 5 ampoules you will have to pay 1200-1400 rubles.

Pros:

The drug copes well with nausea that develops after surgery, as well as during chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

The maximum daily dose for an adult is 8-32 mg. It is very convenient that the drug can be used in syrup, in tablets, in suppositories and in a solution for setting intramuscular and intravenous injections.

In this case, you need to take into account some of the features of the treatment:

• If chemotherapy and radiation therapy is moderately aggressive, then the person is prescribed Ondansetron in suppositories or in tablets 2 hours before the start of treatment. The starting dosage is 8 mg. After 12 hours, take another 8 mg of the drug.
• If chemotherapy is associated with a high risk of vomiting, then the dose of the drug should be increased to 24 mg. Dexamethasone is included in the antiemetic regimen.
• If nausea develops within a day after chemotherapy, then the patient is prescribed Ondansetron 8 mg 2 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 5 days.
• If the drug is used in suppositories, then they are administered in an amount of 16 mg 2 hours before the start of chemotherapy. Then, for 5 days, another 1 suppository is administered 1 time per day.

Minuses:

The disadvantage of this medication is that it can cause side effects. These include: diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, hiccups, heart rhythm irregularities, dizziness, blurred vision, convulsions, bronchospasm, fever, flushing of the face. There is a possibility of an allergic reaction. In addition, the drug is not administered rectally to children. For parenteral and oral administration, the age limit is 2 years. It is forbidden to use Ondansetron for nursing and pregnant women.

Another disadvantage of the drug is its high cost.

Granisetron

Active ingredient: granisetron.

Analogs: Kitril. For 10 tablets, you will need to pay 4500 rubles, and for 5 ampoules 5500-5800 rubles.

Price: 6600 rubles for 5 ampoules.

Pros:

The drug helps prevent the development of vomiting and nausea in people undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy. It is taken 2 times a day, 1 mg, or 2 mg 1 time per day. The maximum course of treatment is 7 days. You need to take the drug one hour before the start of treatment.

Minuses:

First, Granisetron is an expensive drug.

Secondly, it is not used to treat children under 12 years old, nursing and pregnant women, people with lactose deficiency, and patients with intestinal obstruction. Thirdly, it is capable of causing multiple side effects, including: worsening sleep quality, increased anxiety, daytime sleepiness, headaches and dizziness, bloating, constipation, heartburn, fever, taste distortion. There is a possibility of an allergic reaction.

If you feel sick after taking the pills, what to do?

Some drugs negatively affect the work of internal organs, while others irritate the vomiting center, which will lead to nausea and vomiting. This is observed against the background of taking drugs, cytostatics, glycosides, Euphyllin.

You can cope with these side effects in the following ways:

• Taking Cerucal allows you to get rid of vomiting in case of poisoning with morphine derivatives.
• Serotonin receptor blockers (Tropisetron, Granisetron, Ondansetron) are prescribed during treatment with cytostatics.
• Potassium chloride and Thiamine chloride solution are administered in case of intoxication of the body with Euphyllin.
• Diprazine, Promedol, Aminazin, or Droperidol are administered in case of overdose with cardiac glycosides.

The author of the article: Gorshenina Elena Ivanovna | Gastroenterologist

Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" received at the Russian State Medical University named after N. I. Pirogova (2005). Postgraduate studies in the specialty "Gastroenterology" - educational and scientific medical center.