Antibiotics For Colds

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-31 10:00

Antibiotics for colds

Attention! The article does not indicate contraindications and side effects of antibiotics! Before using, you definitely need to consult a doctor and read the instructions!

List of powerful new generation antibiotics

Content:

• Sumamed
• Cefaclor
• Cefamandol
• Unidox Solutab
• Cefuroxime
• Rulid
• Amoxiclav
• Cefroxitin
• Lincomycin
• Cefoperazone
• Ceftazidime
• Cefotaxime
• Latamoksef
• Cefixime
• Cefpodoxime
• Spiramycin
• Rovamycin
• Clarithromycin
• Roxithromycin
• Klacid
• Fusidin
• Avelox
• Moxifloxacin
• Ciprofloxacin
• Effects

Sumamed

Antibacterial agent from a number of macrolides. The active ingredient is azithromycin. In the treatment of complicated colds, it is an alternative second-line drug.

Benefits:

1. A very broad antibacterial spectrum of action;
2. Active against atypical pathogens;
3. Rarely causes stomach and intestinal upset;
4. Rarely causes resistance in microorganisms;
5. The duration of the course is only 3 days;
6. One-time daily intake;
7. Cumulative effect - action within a week after taking the last pill;
8. Used as an alternative for allergic reactions to other antibiotics;
9. Available in all dosage forms (tablets, capsules, powder for suspension and intravenous injection).

Disadvantages:

1. Relatively high toxicity compared to other antibiotics;
2. Limiting intake for liver and kidney diseases;
3. Contraindications for use during pregnancy and lactation;
4. In pediatric practice, it is used for limited indications;
5. Cannot be administered intramuscularly.

Cefaclor

2nd generation cephalosporin antibiotic. The trade name and active ingredient are identical.

Benefits:

1. High activity against most bacterial respiratory infections, both gram-negative bacilli (Maroxella, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella) and gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus), anaerobic pathogens;
2. Relatively rare occurrence of antibiotic resistance in sensitive microorganisms;
3. A small number of allergic reactions compared to other cephalosporins.

Disadvantages:

1. It is produced exclusively in the form of tablets and granules for preparing a suspension. There are no injection forms;
2. The relative high cost of the drug in comparison with other representatives of the cephalosporin series;
3. The need for three times daily intake;

Cefamandol

Refers to drugs of the second generation of cephalosporins. It has a powerful bactericidal effect, and therefore they rarely have indications for the treatment of colds.

Benefits:

1. A wide range of antibacterial action, including the main pathogens that are activated against the background of colds, of any localization;
2. Absolute resistance to the action of beta-lactamases of pathogenic microorganisms, which makes the drug effective in any case of its use;
3. It can be an alternative to any other cephalosporin in case of resistance of pathogens or allergic reactions.

Disadvantages:

1. The drug is quite expensive;
2. There are only its injectable forms, which limits its use;
3. Due to the rare appointment, it is not sold by all pharmacies;
4. Like all 2nd generation antibiotics of cephalosporins, it requires three times a day.

Unidox Solutab

Unidox Solutab" /> Unidox Solutab >

The drug is from the group of tetracycline antibiotics. It contains doxycycline as a base active ingredient.

Benefits:

1. The drug has a long-term bacteriostatic effect. Therefore, it is excellent for the treatment of recurrent infections against the background of a cold;
2. The spectrum of unidox-sensitive pathogens includes a large number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacillus and coccal microorganisms, protozoa, anaerobes, atypical pathogens;
3. Well tolerated;
4. Practically does not cause dysbiosis.

Disadvantages:

1. It is produced exclusively in tablet forms, which excludes the possibility of stepwise therapy;
2. Reception in pediatric practice is limited (for children under 8 years old);
3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Cefuroxime

It is a 2nd generation antibiotic of the cephalosporin family with an active substance similar to the name of the drug.

Benefits:

1. Excellent antibacterial effect against almost all possible pathogens that can be activated against the background of a cold;
2. It is an alternative antibiotic in case of ineffectiveness or contraindications to any cephalosporin antibiotic, since it has an antimicrobial effect even against strains insensitive to cephalosporins;
3. Good tolerance and rare side effects.

Disadvantages:

1. Requires three administrations;
2. Only injectable drugs are produced;
3. Like all antibiotics from the 2nd generation cephalosporin group, it is relatively expensive.

Rulid

A new generation macrolide antibiotic containing roxithromycin as a base substance.

Benefits:

1. It has a fairly narrow spectrum of antibacterial action, limited by the main causative agents of respiratory infections and inflammatory processes of the ENT organs. This allows it to be used as a primary or alternative antibiotic for complicated colds;
2. It is very resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach, which allows it to be absorbed by almost the entire dose taken;
3. It rarely causes intestinal disorders in the form of dysbiosis, since it is practically inactive against the gram-negative flora that lives in the intestine;
4. The need for only two or one daily intake.

Disadvantages:

1. Sufficiently high nephro- and hepatotoxicity;
2. The existence of only tablet forms;
3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding;

Amoxiclav

It belongs to the group of semi-synthetic protected aminopenicillins. It is amoxicillin potentiated with clavulonic acid.

Benefits:

1. Mild bactericidal action combined with the broadest antibacterial spectrum against almost all gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Therefore, the drug can be used when they are activated in any organ against the background of a cold;
2. Resistance to the action of strains produced by beta-lactamase;
3. The ability to use as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent. This makes it the first line remedy for any cold;
4. Low toxicity to internal organs;
5. The ability to use if necessary in pregnant and lactating mothers;
6. Wide application in pediatric practice;
7. Relative cheapness and availability of the drug;
8. The existence of all forms of drug administration, which makes it possible to use it as a stepwise therapy tool.

Disadvantages:

1. Very frequent development of intestinal disorders and dysbiosis, which is associated with a wide indiscriminate antibacterial effect;
2. Frequent allergic reactions.

Cefoxitin

Second generation cephalosporin. Contains cefroxitin as an active ingredient.

Benefits:

1. The antibacterial spectrum is represented by a predominant effect on the hemophilic bacillus and gram-negative intestinal pathogens resistant to penicillins and staphylococcus cephalosporins;
2. Resistant to the action of microbial beta-lactamases, which makes it an alternative antibiotic;

Disadvantages:

1. As a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for colds, it is rarely used due to the specificity of the action;
2. Shows a toxic effect on the kidneys;
3. Contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation;
4. Requires three administrations;
5. Available exclusively in injection forms.

Lincomycin

A drug of the lincosamide family. The active substance is of the same name as the name of the drug.

Benefits:

1. Selective bacteriostatic action against gram-positive cocci. This feature allows it to be used for chronic infections resistant to other antibiotics, which can be exacerbated against the background of a cold;
2. Cheapness and availability of the drug;
3. The presence of tablet and injection forms.

Disadvantages:

1. Cannot be designated as a first line facility;
2. Requires three or four times a day;
3. Toxic effect on the liver and kidneys;
4. Contraindicated for use in pediatric and obstetric practice.

Cefoperazone

It is one of the representatives of the 3rd generation of cephalosporins. The active ingredient is cefoperazone.

Benefits:

1. Fast bactericidal effect;
2. Excellent activity against most gram-positive and gram-negative cocci and rods, including those sensitive to the action of other antibiotics;
3. To achieve a therapeutic effect, only two daily administration is sufficient;
4. It can be used both as a primary and an alternative remedy for the treatment of complicated colds;
5. Good portability;

Disadvantages:

1. The existence of only injection forms;
2. The relative high cost of the drug in comparison with similar cephalosporins.

Ceftazidime

Antibiotic from the group of third generation cephalosporins with the same active substance.

Benefits:

1. The widest range of fast bactericidal action;
2. Special activity against the main respiratory pathogens, which most often can be activated against the background of a cold;
3. Not bad portability;
4. Possibility of using as an alternative in case of ineffectiveness or intolerance to other cephalosporins or antibiotics of the penicillin series;

Disadvantages:

1. The relative high cost of the drug;
2. Lack of tablet forms;
3. Limited use in children and pregnant women.

Cefotaxime

It is considered one of the most commonly prescribed third-generation cephalosporins. The active ingredient is cefotaxime.

Benefits:

1. Wide antibacterial spectrum of action;
2. Good portability;
3. The minimum number of side effects;
4. Cheapness and availability of the drug;
5. Possibility of use as a prophylactic antibiotic or first-line remedy for colds complicated by infectious processes;
6. Suitable for use in pediatrics and obstetrics.

Disadvantages:

1. Resistant microorganisms are very common, which is associated with the widespread use and use of cefotaxime;
2. Existence of exclusively injectable forms of administration;

Latamoksef

A very rare antibiotic of the cephalosporin series, belonging to the 3rd generation. The active ingredient is of the same name as the drug.

Benefits:

1. A wide spectrum of action with a special enhancement against hemophilic infections and other respiratory pathogens, including resistant strains of staphylococcus;
2. Not bad portability;
3. Possibility of using as an alternative drug in case of intolerance to any strong antibiotics, when a good antibacterial effect is needed.

Disadvantages:

1. High cost;
2. Absence in a wide pharmacy network;
3. Restriction of admission in children and pregnant women;
4. Lack of tablet forms.

Cefixime

Third generation cephalosporin drug.

Benefits:

1. A very wide range of antibacterial bactericidal action;
2. The existence of several analogs that contain the active substance cefixime;
3. Possibility of use in pediatrics;
4. It can be used as a drug of choice or as an alternative for colds complicated by infections.

Disadvantages:

1. Lack of injection forms;
2. The toxic effect on the liver and kidneys is more pronounced compared to the analogs of 3rd generation cephalosporins.

Cefpodoxime

Alternative tableted antibiotic of the third generation of cephalosporins with the same active substance in its composition.

Benefits:

1. High bactericidal activity against most respiratory and other gram-positive and gram-negative microbes;
2. Good tolerance and rare allergic reactions;
3. Possibility of use during pregnancy and in children;
4. One of the few third-generation cephalosporins available in tablet form.

Disadvantages:

1. Lack of injection forms;
2. Not distributed in a wide pharmacy network;
3. Lack of analogues.

Spiramycin

Macrolide antibacterial agent with bacteriostatic mechanism of action.

Benefits:

1. High activity in the fight against the main pathogens that are activated in foci of chronic infection against the background of any cold;
2. Gradually increasing and long-lasting, cumulative effect. The drug works even after its withdrawal;
3. The presence of all forms of administration, which makes it possible to use it as the main and alternative means for infections of any severity.

Disadvantages:

1. Relatively increased toxicity to the kidneys and liver;
2. Limiting admission in pediatric practice;
3. Contraindication for use during pregnancy and lactation;
4. Cannot be administered intramuscularly. Intravenous infusion only.

Rovamycin

It is a macrolide antibiotic, a proprietary analogue of spiramycin, which acts as its active ingredient.

Benefits:

1. Like any macrolide antibiotic, it has a good and wide bacteriostatic effect, including atypical pathogens;
2. Due to the high degree of purification, it can be used by pregnant women, but only if there are strict indications;
3. The presence of tablet forms with different dosages.

Disadvantages:

1. There are no injectable forms of the drug;
2. It is rarely used as a first-line drug for colds complicated by infections.

Clarithromycin

Semi-synthetic macrolide. Has a bacteriostatic effect.

Benefits:

1. Antibacterial activity against most pathogenic microorganisms of the respiratory tract and other localizations;
2. Not bad portability;
3. Possibility of use in pediatric practice;
4. Relative cheapness and availability of the drug in any pharmacy;
5. There are many analogues containing clarithromycin in their composition;
6. Good portability.

Disadvantages:

1. The need to take twice a day (some macrolides are taken only once a day);
2. Lack of injection forms;
3. Restriction of intake during pregnancy due to toxic effects on the fetus.

Roxithromycin

Semisynthetic analogue of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. Has a bacteriostatic effect, slowing down the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

Benefits:

1. Primary activity against gram-positive pathogens, which allows it to be used as a first-line drug for complications of colds by various diseases of the ENT organs;
2. The presence of tablet forms and powder for preparing a suspension, which allows it to be used in pediatric practice.

Disadvantages:

1. Not common in pharmacies;
2. Increased hepato- and nephrotoxic effect;
3. While taking it, nausea often occurs.

Klacid

A proprietary analogue of the semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin. It has a bacteriostatic effect.

Benefits:

1. A very wide range of antibacterial action against bacillus, coccal flora, both gram-positive and gram-negative, including atypical pathogens;
2. High degree of purification of active components;
3. High concentration and predominant accumulation in the lung tissue and mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, which makes it a first-line drug or an alternative antibiotic when the common cold is complicated by infections of these localizations;
4. Widespread in the pharmacy chain;
5. Availability of packages with different dosages and number of tablets.

Disadvantages:

1. There are no injection forms of administration;
2. Incompatibility with many medications.

Fusidin

Not released in the original under this name. The drug containing fusidin - fucidin.

Benefits:

1. Very strong bacteriostatic effect, which makes it possible to use the drug in cases of especially prolonged and severe infections;
2. The spectrum of action against microorganisms is quite targeted and includes staphylococci and other gram-positive pathogens resistant to antibacterial therapy;
3. It is an exclusively alternative antibiotic for both adults and children, which is prescribed according to strict indications.

Disadvantages:

1. Expensive enough;
2. Side effects and toxic effects on internal organs;
3. It is categorically contraindicated in pregnancy due to the pronounced toxic effect on the fetal liver.

Avelox

A powerful antibacterial drug from the latest generation of fluoroquinolones. It is a branded analogue of moxifloxcin, which acts as an active ingredient.

Benefits:

1. Powerful and fast bactericidal effect;
2. High activity against almost all known bacterial and non-bacterial, atypical pathogens, with the exception of viruses;
3. Creation of high concentration in all tissues and body cavities;
4. Preferential excretion by the kidneys, which allows its use for renal infections against the background of a cold;
5. The presence of injectable forms and tablets, which allows the use of the drug in the form of stepwise therapy.

Disadvantages:

1. Toxic effect on the liver and kidneys, which limits its use in case of damage to these organs;
2. Toxic effect on a growing body, and therefore the drug is contraindicated in pediatric practice;
3. Lack of the possibility of intramuscular injection;
4. While taking the drug, nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant sensations often occur.

Moxifloxacin

The original 4th generation fluoroquinolone preparation with a bactericidal type of action.

Benefits:

1. A wide antibacterial spectrum against colds complicated by various infections;
2. One-time intake of the daily dose;
3. Relative affordability in relation to price when the use of highly active antibiotics is required;

Disadvantages:

1. Quite high toxicity and side effects;
2. Contraindicated for use in pediatric and obstetric practice;
3. Lack of injection forms. But moxifloxacin can be replaced by another proprietary analogue containing this active ingredient (avelox).

Ciprofloxacin

It belongs to the 2nd generation antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone family.

Benefits:

1. Wide antibacterial spectrum of action;
2. Relatively few side effects;
3. Not bad portability;
4. Availability of injection and tablet forms;
5. Cheapness and availability in the pharmacy chain;
6. It can be used as a first-line drug for infections of any localization against the background of a cold.

Disadvantages:

1. Despite the mild action and the minimum number of side effects, it is contraindicated in pediatric and obstetric practice;
2. Cannot be administered intramuscularly;
3. Requires two doses (some fluoroquinolones are administered only once a day).

The consequences of taking antibiotics

Important to remember! Any antibiotics are not effective for common colds and therefore are never prescribed. Indications for their reception arise exclusively in cases of its complicated course in the form of infectious and inflammatory processes of any localization. A special risk group is made up of persons with chronic diseases of a microbial nature.

The result of taking antibacterial agents can be not only complete elimination of the problem, but also the undesirable consequences of their destructive effect on the tissues of the body.

They may be due to:

1. Prescribing antibiotic therapy not according to indications;
2. Incorrect selection of a specific drug;
3. The presence of contraindications or warnings in the patient that were not taken into account when drawing up a treatment plan;
4. Incorrect back up of the dose, the frequency of admission rules;
5. The toxic effect of active and additional components of the antibiotic;
6. Individual intolerance or body reaction to any antibacterial agents;
7. The death of normal microflora, on which the antibiotic acts in the same way as on pathogenic microorganisms;
8. Weakening of the body's immune forces;
9. Activation of conditionally pathogenic flora against the background of the listed changes.

Possible consequences of antibiotic therapy are given in the form of a table:

Hives and allergic rashes; Increase in body temperature to critical numbers; Vomiting with antibiotic use.
Neurotoxic effects	Headache; Dizziness; Mental disorders and hallucinations; Impaired coordination of movements.
Intestinal irritation and damage to normal microflora	Abdominal pain; Bloating; Dysbacteriosis; Loose stools; Pseudomembranous colitis.
Immune disorders	Secondary immunodeficiency; Adrenal insufficiency; Fungal infection of the mucous membranes.
Toxic damage to internal organs (hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity)	Increase in signs of hepatic or renal failure, if present in patients; Deterioration in urine test indicators; The appearance of yellowness of the skin; Enlarged liver; Increased liver and kidney tests in the biochemical blood test;
Toxic effect on the body of the fetus and children	Teratogenic intrauterine effect on the fetus; The development of the growth of children is also impaired;
Damage to the blood system	Anemia; Leukopenia; Thrombocytopenia.

Given in the table, the consequences of taking antibiotics are considered possible. This means that they can only develop in some cases. To avoid such situations, you should not self-medicate with antibiotics, allowing their uncontrolled intake. It must be remembered that only a qualified specialist can appoint them.

Author of the article: Alekseeva Maria Yurievna | Therapist

Education: From 2010 to 2016 Practitioner of the therapeutic hospital of the central medical-sanitary unit No. 21, city of elektrostal. Since 2016 she has been working in the diagnostic center No. 3.