Types of fibroids
Fibroma in medicine is called a benign neoplasm, consisting of coarse fibrous bundles of connective tissue and fibroblasts. Most often it is not dangerous to human life, but there are times when the fibroma grows uncontrollably, causing various problems. The tumor can develop in various places, including bones, feet, uterine walls.
Content:
- Nonossifying fibroma
- Non-osteogenic fibroma
- Cystic fibroma
Desmoid fibroma
Desmoid fibroids include dense neoplasms surrounded by a fibrous membrane and formed mainly on the abdominal wall, back, chest, upper and lower extremities. This type of fibroma is dangerous because they have a tendency to infiltrate and degenerate into a malignant tumor.
Fortunately, desmoid fibroma (desmoid) is relatively rare, but it occurs 9 times more often in women than in men. The specific mechanism of its formation is still unclear. It is believed, however, that various skin injuries and injuries can cause fibroids, including perineal tears during childbirth, scars after wounds and operations.
Clinically, the desmoid is an almost painless, solid, solitary tumor, the diameter of which can vary from 2-3 to 150 mm or more. It grows in size slowly. The shape of the fibroid is round, but not always correct, the surface is smooth or slightly bumpy. The tumor consists of connective tissue fibers intertwined in different directions. Often, in the walls of the neoplasm, there are areas of calcification containing bone or cartilage tissue.
Large desmoid fibroma can disrupt the normal functioning of adjacent organs and lead to bone destruction. In 5-8% of cases of desmoid, malignancy is observed, as a result of which squamous cell carcinoma develops at the site of the tumor.
If desmoid fibroma is suspected, the patient is referred to an oncologist, and when a diagnosis is made, X-ray, echotomography and CT data are used. Treatment is operative, the prognosis is usually good, relapses are rare.
Nonossifying fibroma
This type of fibroma is most common in adolescents and older children. According to doctors, the tumor may be associated with a fibrous cortical defect. Symptoms of the disease are practically absent, and it is detected during radiography. Sometimes patients are worried about persistent bone pain.
A characteristic feature of nonossifying fibroma is a pathological limb fracture. The legs are most often affected. X-rays show such sparse, fringed bone tissue that biopsy is unnecessary. Curettage of the tumor is carried out only when the bone is fractured or severely thinned (more than 50% of the bone diameter). The neoplasm may disappear on its own after several years or even months.
Usually nonossifying fibroma is oblong and surrounded by the edges of the reactive bone. The tumor consists of intertwining bundles of collagen fibers, fibroblasts, lipocytes, cellular elements indicating a local inflammatory reaction and other cells. Most often, the outcome of the disease is favorable, in most cases spontaneous healing occurs.
Non-osteogenic fibroma
Nonostogenic fibroma is pathological changes in the tibia and femur of unknown etiology. The disease is characterized by focal resorption (resorption) of the cortical layer of the tubular bone with its replacement by fibrous one. Fibroma develops usually asymptomatically, leading in many cases to a pathological fracture.
Surgical intervention is carried out in exceptional cases when human health is in serious danger. In normal cases, no treatment is prescribed, but the outcome is most often favorable. In many cases, the tumor resolves spontaneously.
Cystic fibroma
Such tumor formations are most often found in women after 53-55 years of age, when serious hormonal disruptions are observed in the body. At this time, the production of the hormone progesterone is significantly reduced and estrogen begins to dominate. The channels in the mammary glands are partially clogged, the liquid cannot pass through them in the same volume and accumulates in the lobes, which leads to the development of multiple seals - cysts.
Cysts are cavities that are bounded on the outside by connective tissue and filled with fluid inside. They have an elastic consistency and distinct boundaries. Cystic mastopathy causes soreness of the mammary glands, discharge from the nipples, fibrotic changes.
Fibroma of the mammary glands is diagnosed using ultrasound and mammography. Ultrasound will be effective when the tumor is over 1 centimeter, mammography will show reliable results in 90-95% of cases. If necessary, a biopsy is prescribed. Only after all the necessary examinations will the doctor be able to prescribe the required treatment.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
