Catarrhal Gastroduodenitis - Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

2024 Author: Josephine Shorter | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 21:43

Catarrhal gastroduodenitis

The main difference between catarrhal gastroduodenitis from other forms of this pathology is its acute course, caused by a single action of chemical, toxic, temperature, bacterial or viral factors. This disease always begins suddenly and has a vivid clinical picture.

In some medical sources, it is customary to differentiate catarrhal gastritis and catarrhal duodenitis, although in isolation these diseases occur extremely rarely. In the vast majority of cases, the inflammatory process spreads to the stomach and duodenum.

Content:

• The reasons for the development of catarrhal gastroduodenitis
• Symptoms of catarrhal gastroduodenitis
• Diagnostics
• Treatment of catarrhal gastroduodenitis
• Forecast and prevention

Every second person at least once in his life experienced on himself what is catarrhal, or alimentary, gastroduodenitis. This inflammatory lesion of the lining of the stomach and upper intestines occurs suddenly and is severe. Catarrhal gastroduodenitis, despite superficial tissue damage, is dangerous for its complications. The disease often ends with the appearance of ulcers and erosions, the opening of gastric bleeding.

The reasons for the development of catarrhal gastroduodenitis

The most common cause of catarrhal gastroduodenitis is nutritional errors. These include overeating, the inclusion of indigestible foods on the menu, the use of excessively hot or too cold food, extractive dishes.

Other causes of catarrhal gastroduodenitis:

• Damage by pathogens (E. coli, clostridia, streptococci, staphylococci, Helicobacter pylori bacteria) and the toxins secreted by them;
• Alcohol abuse;
• The consequence of taking NSAIDs, antibacterial drugs, steroids, narcotic analgesics;
• Radiation;
• Complications of food allergies;
• Pylorospasm with bile flow;
• Injury to the gastric mucosa;
• Hydrochloric acid release due to stress;
• The desire to lose weight with radical diets;
• Hereditary predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases.

Symptoms of catarrhal gastroduodenitis

The clinical picture of the disease depends on the reason for the catarrhal gastroduodenitis. Usually, the first signs of inflammation appear 10-12 hours after exposure to lesion factors. The disease may develop rapidly in 1-2 hours.

Symptoms of catarrhal gastroduodenitis caused by nutritional deficiencies:

• Malaise, weakness;
• Feeling of heaviness and fullness in the stomach, pain in the epigastric region;
• Hypersalivation, although, on the contrary, dry mouth is possible;
• Sour or bitter taste in the mouth;
• Nausea;
• Decreased appetite, refusal to eat;
• Dizziness;
• Vomiting of recently eaten food, mucus and bile in vomit;
• Pallor of the skin, trembling of the arms and legs, tachycardia, hypotension against the background of an attack of vomiting;
• Diarrhea;
• White or off-yellow coating on the tongue;
• Bad breath.

At the onset of the disease, there is a sharp increase in the acidity of gastric juice, and then a drop against the background of inhibition of the activity of the glands inside the stomach.

Manifestations of a disease caused by food poisoning:

• Exhausting vomiting;
• Diarrhea;
• Increased body temperature;
• Cramps of the calf muscles against the background of electrolyte imbalance due to profuse vomiting.

The rest of the manifestations of this form of catarrhal gastroduodenitis are similar to the above-described clinical picture.

Diagnostics

When diagnosing this form of the disease, the gastroenterologist takes into account the dietary habits of the patient, the fact that he is taking medication, a history of allergies and characteristic clinical symptoms.

Appointed instrumental and laboratory tests:

• General blood analysis;
• Blood chemistry;
• Bacteriological examination of vomit;
• Analysis of feces for occult blood;
• Study of gastric juice;
• EGDS (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) is the most informative endoscopic examination that allows you to see hyperemia and edema of the mucous membrane, vulnerability and bleeding of the inner lining of the stomach;
• Endoscopic tissue biopsy;
• Multispiral computed tomography;
• X-ray of the stomach with double contrast - reveals the characteristic signs of gastroduodenitis;

• Electrogastrography - helps to detect violations of the peristalsis of the stomach and intestines;
• Intragastric pH-metry - used to determine the acidity of gastric juice.

During a CT scan, the doctor may see such signs of catarrhal gastroduodenitis, such as mucosal edema, erosion, and thickening of the folds of the stomach.

Treatment of catarrhal gastroduodenitis

Therapy of an acute form of catarrhal gastroduodenitis is often carried out in a hospital, in the gastroenterological department. A prerequisite for effective treatment is a diet that provides for fasting during the first day of the disease, and then eating mashed food, steamed. Following the diet should last at least 7-10 days. The treatment regimen is determined by the doctor after establishing the cause of the development of gastroduodenitis.

Medicinal groups of drugs used:

• Antibiotics (if a bacterial infection factor is detected);
• Proton pump inhibitors;
• Gastroprotective agents;
• H2-histamine receptor blockers;
• Antiviral drugs;
• Analgesics;
• Antispasmodics;
• Prokinetics.

To restore the electrolyte balance and prevent dehydration, an infusion of saline is prescribed.

Forecast and prevention

With timely referral for qualified advice, diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis of the disease is favorable, the patient can fully recover. If you do not pay proper attention to therapy, it is possible to develop erosive, and then phlegmonous gastroduodenitis.

In order not to provoke the onset of the disease and its complications, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of a healthy diet, timely treat gastrointestinal diseases. Avoiding overeating, smoking, and alcohol abuse will reduce the risk of this form of gastroduodenitis. When treating with medicines that have side effects dangerous for the stomach and intestines, you must adhere to the doctor's recommendations. There is secondary prophylaxis - this is the timely initiated therapy of catarrhal gastritis in order to avoid its transition to more severe forms and possible perforation of the stomach.

The author of the article: Gorshenina Elena Ivanovna | Gastroenterologist

Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" received at the Russian State Medical University named after N. I. Pirogova (2005). Postgraduate studies in the specialty "Gastroenterology" - educational and scientific medical center.