Myopia 2 moderate
Myopia 2 of moderate degree is a violation of the focusing of light rays from the object in question not on the retina of the eye, but in front of it at a distance of 3 to 6 diopters. Moderate myopia causes pronounced changes in the fundus and requires urgent treatment. A person diagnosed with moderate myopia will not be able to do without glasses.
Myopia is a common disease and affects up to 70% of the population in Asian countries. As for Europe, this figure ranges from 25 to 30%. The share of people with myopia from 3 to 6 diopters accounts for an average of 14% of people from the total mass of patients suffering from myopia.
Symptoms of myopia grade 2
The main symptom of grade 2 myopia is impaired vision of objects in the distance, however, this distance is increasingly shrinking, depending on the progression of the disease. So, a person with myopia of 5 diopters will have difficulty seeing objects located only 25 cm from him.
Among other signs of grade 2 myopia, the following can be distinguished:
- Squinting eyes when trying to examine an object.
- Rapid fatigue of the organs of vision.
- Deterioration of twilight vision.
- Pain and aches in the eyes, headaches.
- Slight bulging.
- The appearance of light flashes before the eyes.
- Violation of the blood supply to the retina, up to its detachment.
- Increased fragility of blood vessels and hemorrhage.
On examination, the ophthalmologist can reveal the initial signs of degenerative changes, narrowing of the retinal vessels, changes in the macular region. In the presence of symptoms of second degree myopia, a person is shown some restrictions. It is worth being more selective when playing sports, since high physical activity is contraindicated for a patient with these ophthalmic problems. In addition, young people who have reached draft age are not taken to serve in the army, recognizing them as limitedly fit.
As for women, in some cases they were advised to abandon natural childbirth. Caesarean section becomes a priority. However, moderate myopia is not always a limitation to natural childbirth. It all depends on the state of the retina, the type of myopia (progressive or non-progressive), on the presence of abnormalities in the fundus and other indicators.
Causes of myopia grade 2
The cause of the development of moderate myopia is most often the transmission of the disease by inheritance. Children whose parents suffer from a similar problem in 50% of cases will also be susceptible to myopia.
However, myopia can be acquired and develop against the background of the fact that:
- A person experiences regular high loads on vision.
- Mild myopia was not corrected in time or the treatment was incorrect.
- Any disturbances in blood circulation inside the eyeball can lead to the development of myopia of the 2nd degree.
- Premature birth and birth trauma.
- Traumatic brain injury.
- Diabetes.
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Spasm of accommodation, left unattended by a person.
- Ophthalmic pathologies such as strabismus, astigmatism, amblyopia, keratoglobus, keratotonus.
- Infectious diseases, hormonal disruptions.
- Poor nutrition, deficiency of vitamins and minerals.
Treatment of myopia grade 2
Treatment of grade 2 myopia is impossible without regular visits to an ophthalmologist.
After diagnosis, the doctor will select an individual method of vision correction:
- Glasses. Most often glasses are used for this, in some cases - contact lenses. It is better if the glasses are bifocal, that is, they have combined lenses. In this case, the upper part is retracted under stronger lenses, which allow viewing objects located in the distance. The lower half is for weaker lenses that allow reading and writing.
- Laser correction. Laser correction can help, which is performed in the case of non-progressive myopia and after the patient reaches 18 years of age. Laser correction is aimed at changing the shape of the cornea, due to which the focus is projected to the desired place, namely to the retina.
- Other methods. With regard to therapeutic methods, such as medication, eye gymnastics, physiotherapy, they are all aimed at maintaining vision at the same level. These methods are not able to relieve a person of moderate myopia, they can only prevent further progression of the disease.
- Vitamins. Doctors often prescribe vitamins of group B and C, as well as nootropic drugs such as Panotogam and Piracetam. To relieve the spasm of accommodation, mydriatics are used - Mezaton and Irifrin.
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Surgical treatment. If routine examinations reveal that a person's vision is reduced by 1 or more diopters per year, then this indicates a progressive form of the disease. When conservative methods are unable to stop this process, one has to resort to surgical treatment. Most often, in this case, the scleroplasty method is used, which is designed to strengthen the sclera of the eye and stop the progression of the disease.
Prevention of myopia
As preventive measures designed to prevent the development of myopia and the progression of an existing disease, doctors recommend:
- Eat right and balanced.
- Competently organize your workplace.
- Wear glasses and lenses for vision correction as prescribed by your doctor.
- Observe the visual regime.
- Perform a set of gymnastic exercises for the eyes designed to strengthen their muscles and relieve tension.
- Avoid strenuous physical activity.
- Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun.
It is important not to forget to regularly visit an ophthalmologist and follow his recommendations regarding preventive and therapeutic measures. If the myopia is stationary, then the prognosis is usually favorable and the person manages to maintain a relatively high visual acuity.
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The author of the article: Degtyareva Marina Vitalievna, ophthalmologist, ophthalmologist
