Causes, symptoms, types and treatment of ovarian fibroma
Content:
- The causes of ovarian fibroma
- Types of fibroma
- Diagnosis of ovarian fibroma
- Treatment and prevention of ovarian fibroma
Determination of ovarian fibroids
Ovarian fibroma is a tumor of connective tissue that does not exhibit hormonal activity and is of a benign nature. Gynecologists, observing benign ovarian tumors, diagnose fibroma in 10% of cases. The period of its possible development is from 40 years onwards, although there are cases of the disease at an earlier age.
The form of ovarian fibroids has the form of a round or oval formation, the surface of which is even or in the form of nodules. Its size sometimes reaches 120 mm. Fibroma with the presence of pseudocavities acquires a densely elastic consistency, the presence of edema makes it soft, the presence of calcium salt deposits makes the tumor hard. The presence of a fibroma of the legs gives it mobility. This fibroma grows slowly, but changes in the dystrophic appearance in the tissues can accelerate growth.
The causes of ovarian fibroma
To date, the reasons for the formation of ovarian fibroids have not been determined. It is believed that the tumor forms and grows from the ovarian stroma, however, cases have been established when the tumor begins to form from non-specific fibrous tissue. Observations show that women with an unfavorable premorbid background, which affects the pathology of the endocrine system, reduced immunity, chronic inflammatory processes in the ovaries and appendages, are more likely to develop ovarian fibroids.
Types of fibroma
The macroscopic structure makes it possible to define two forms. The first is limited, with a capsule with a clear expression and separating the fibroid from the ovarian tissue. The second is diffuse, completely affecting the ovarian tissue without the obligatory presence of a capsule. Fibroma of the second form is diagnosed much more often, although histologically, both types do not differ much. Both are formed from a substance of the fibrous type and cellular elements, but with a different ratio of the amount.
The neoplasm tissues are predominantly edematous and may contain cysts. Slow tumor growth is accelerated with tissue degeneration. With ovarian fibroma, complications may occur in the form of hemorrhage, torsion of the leg, suppuration of a tumor, necrosis, and degeneration into a malignant form. Ovarian fibroids are often accompanied by ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids, which have a similar etiological development. The small size of the fibroma, as a rule, does not affect the functionality of the ovary and does not interfere with the ability to become pregnant and carry a child.
Diagnosis of ovarian fibroma
For a long period of time, ovarian fibroma proceeds without symptoms. Its detection is often accidental and occurs due to the detection of other diseases. The final diagnosis can be made in the presence of a symptom, consultation with a gynecologist, who conducts a two-handed study, which allows you to determine the position of the tumor, the structure of its surface (even or knotty), density, stony consistency, mobility, as well as soreness.
Laboratory tests of a general blood test and tumor markers are prescribed. Clarifies the diagnosis by ultrasound, which determines the form of education and other parameters. It may be necessary to carry out a pleural puncture with subsequent examination of the cytological material. The final for the diagnosis of an ovarian tumor is considered to be a study of the tissue obtained as a result of its removal and verified by the method of diagnostic laparoscopy.
Treatment and prevention of ovarian fibroma
Conservative treatment for women diagnosed with ovarian fibroma does not make sense, since this tumor cannot be resolved. Only surgical treatment is recommended. The size of the tumor, the patient's age, the presence of other pathologies, the condition of the second ovary and uterus determine the type of access and the completeness of the surgical intervention. Removal of small fibroids is carried out using a gentle method - laparoscopy. When using it, fibroids are exfoliated while maintaining all the functions of the ovary.
Removal of large fibroids, when the ovarian tissue is constantly squeezed, stretched and in most cases is transformed into a cyst capsule, while the follicles undergo complete atrophy, is performed with complete removal of the ovary. Premenopausal women are advised to remove the appendages. In the case of a simultaneous defeat of two ovaries by fibroma, a part of one less affected one must be left.
There are no special preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of ovarian fibroids. The forecasts after the operations are almost always favorable. Only 1% of the total number of operated patients is likely to degenerate ovarian fibroids into a malignant tumor. The timely diagnosis of the disease is facilitated by an annual examination by a gynecologist and an ultrasound examination.
Article author: Mochalov Pavel Alexandrovich | d. m. n. therapist
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
