High myopia 3
High myopia 3 is a serious disease characterized by the fact that the image is focused not on the retina, but in front of it, while the distance is 6 diopters or more. Myopia grade 3 is dangerous for its severe complications, primarily from which the fundus of the eye and its vessels suffer.
According to statistics, the number of people with high myopia ranges from 6 to 8% among the total mass of patients.
Symptoms of myopia grade 3
A person with the first degree of myopia has difficulty looking at objects located in the distance. People with a third degree practically do not see them, since the world around them merges without glasses for them.
Therefore, the symptoms of high myopia are as follows:
- Inability to distinguish objects at a distance of more than 10 cm.
- Headaches and eye pains.
- Thinning of the retina and blood vessels of the eye.
- Retinal dystrophy.
- High eye fatigue.
- Squinting eyes.
- Elongation of the eye.
Often, myopia of the third degree is accompanied by astigmatism. In this regard, additional symptoms arise, such as double vision, blurred images, distortion of visual objects.
If myopia was not congenital, then most often it manifests itself between the ages of 7 to 12 years and can progress rapidly. Until the age of 20, when the growth of the eyes ends, a person can completely lose sight if the disease was not corrected in time. Moreover, it is the high degree of myopia that is fraught with complications.
Causes of myopia grade 3
Among the reasons leading to the development of myopia are the following:
- Hereditary predisposition to the development of the disease. Especially often myopia occurs in those children whose both parents suffer from myopia.
- The progression of the disease is affected by an unfavorable ecological situation.
- Lack of correction for myopia of 1 and 2 degrees of severity.
- Frequent infectious diseases.
- Visual hygiene disorders.
- Traumatic brain injury.
- Growth in length and deformation of the eyeball.
Most often, a person with a 3 degree of myopia is assigned either a 2 or 3 disability group. It all depends on the acuity of the eye, on how narrowed the field of view, on whether a person is able to serve himself or not, he also needs social protection. The first group of visual disability is rarely given and almost with complete blindness of a person.
Treatment of myopia grade 3
The paramount task facing the doctor and the patient with the third degree of myopia is to stop the progression of the disease. It is necessary to cope with it as soon as possible so that myopia does not cause formidable complications, for example, cataracts or glaucoma.
It is important to warn a person that he should not experience high physical exertion, that he has serious restrictions on playing sports. Such people should not lift weights, make sudden movements, jump, quickly change body position, experience vibrations or jolts.
As for pregnant women, the third degree of myopia is an unambiguous indication for a caesarean section. It will not be possible to give birth naturally, as this will lead to complete blindness.
However, do not despair if the third degree of myopia has been diagnosed, since in most cases this condition is successfully corrected and can be treated:
- Glasses. First of all, a person needs to correctly select glasses that have high optical power and minus lenses. They will be thicker at the edges, and thinner as you move towards the center. In addition to standard glasses made of glass, they are often made of plastic for high myopia. This allows the correction devices to be made thinner and lighter, and therefore more comfortable to wear.
- Lenses. Contact lenses are an alternative to glasses. However, it should be borne in mind that for all their convenience, they help to correct vision much worse in case of high myopia.
- Orthokeratology. There is another method of treatment, which is called orthokeratology. Its essence lies in the fact that a person needs to wear special lenses during a night's rest. While a person sleeps, they act on the cornea, contributing to its flattening. After waking up, the lenses are removed, and the cornea continues to maintain its acquired shape throughout the day, significantly improving the vision of a nearsighted person.
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Laser correction. Sometimes in patients with a high degree of myopia, it is difficult to correct vision with glasses alone. Therefore, you have to resort to surgical intervention. If the disease does not progress and has not reached 15 diopters, then the laser correction method can come to the rescue. By acting on the cornea with a laser, the microsurgeon changes its shape, after which the image is focused on the retina, and not in front of it.
- Lens replacement. Sometimes a complete replacement of the lens of the eye is required, which will make it possible to get rid of myopia, not exceeding 20 diopters.
- Implantation of intraocular lenses. If myopia has not reached 25 diopters, then the implantation of intraocular lenses will help a person to restore his vision. It is important to consider that no operation can be performed on a person while the disease is progressing. But even under this condition, there are risks of complications, for example, the occurrence of dry eye syndrome, redness of the eye, infection of the organ of vision. In addition, it is worth remembering the possible undesirable consequences of anesthesia. In some cases, a second operation or additional vision correction using glasses or special lenses with an exclusive design may be required.
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Vitamins and nootropics. In addition to the general sparing regimen, it is important to undergo medical treatment of the disease prescribed by a doctor. This is a course intake of nootropic drugs, and vitamin therapy, and removal of accommodation spasm, and tissue therapy. Physiotherapy treatment ensures that the disease either stops completely or progresses at a slower rate.
The author of the article: Degtyareva Marina Vitalievna, ophthalmologist, ophthalmologist
